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LICHEN AND MOSS GARDENS. 
the most pleasing effect consistent with the necessary provision for securing 
a locale according with that in which each species is found flourishing most luxu- 
riantly in its wild state. 
It must not be imagined from this that we contemn the idea of forming a 
botanically arranged garden of Mosses and Lichens : such a scheme would be highly 
commendable. It would place in immediate proximity those species that most 
nearly approach each other in essential character, and greatly facilitate the acquire- 
ment of a knowledge of them, and of their several and relative distinctions. But 
we can only suggest the plan, — we must leave it to the consideration of those who 
have the management of botanic gardens. 
Besides observing the peculiar kind of situation which Mosses and Lichens 
usually occupy, the substance upon which they grow best should be attended to. 
Some of the Mosses and Liverworts, and many of the Lichens, are naturally para- 
sitical, or, at least, epiphytal ; others grow amongst gravel and upon stones. This 
is a point of some moment. In forming the collection at Chatsworth, immediate 
effect was aimed at ; hence we have in all cases brought as much of the substance 
(whether wood, stone, or earth) upon which the plants originally grew, as 
was thought necessary to ensure their success. Many of the Lichens we have pro- 
cured are growing on the arms of decaying trees, some of which are eight or ten 
feet long, whilst the rocks upon which other species flourish have been split into 
pieces, with from one to four square feet of surface. 
Most of the Mosses being shade-loving plants, we have favoured them with a 
station on the face of a bank having a northern exposure, where the rocks and 
overshadowing trees protect them still more fully from the rays of the sun. The 
Lichens being less completely plants of shade, are set in more expesod places. The 
advantages of shade to those species that need it most, might be yet more perfectly 
secured, by planting a few of the small-growing Ferns upon the rocks, disposing 
them in such a manner that whilst they assist in subduing the light, they may not 
conceal or otherwise interfere with the Mosses and Lichens. Such species as 
Adiantum capillus veneris, (maidenhair), Trichomanes brevisetum, (bristle- fern), 
Woodsia hyberborea, and W. ilvensis, and any of the Aspleniums, (spleenworts), 
would be eminently appropriate. The Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense and 
II. Wilsoni, (filmy ferns), Ophioglossum vulgatum, (adder's tongue), Botrychium 
lunar ia, (moonwort), and the Lycopodiums, (club-mosses), might also be 
admitted. 
The following list comprises most of the species which have already succeeded, 
with the kind of situation they usually inhabit. Those marked with an asterisk 
are considered the most handsome. 
Musci. Mosses. 
Bryum argenteum, on walls, and on the ground, 
ligulatum,* moist banks. 
„ punctatum,* boggy places, and rocky 
streams. 
Bryum rostratum, mountains in moist place 
„ turbinatum, wet stony places. 
Dicranum heteromallum,* sandy banks. 
,, scoparium,* woods and banks. 
Didymodon purpureus, moist rocks. 
