177 
BUDDING. 
"We regret much that we overlooked this article in the last published Number, 
because the first week of August, especially in weather so propitious as it then 
was, is most favourable to the operation. Our object is not to instruct the 
scientific gardener, or nurseryman, skilful in his art ; but to correct false impres- 
sions, and to prevent amateurs, and those who are desirous to exercise their own 
ingenuity, from being misled by instructions given in print, which it is evident 
were never derived from personal observation. 
The Budding of Roses— now that fashion has laid claim to store so ample of 
new and beautiful varieties — is one of the most interesting experiments that the 
garden affords ; but before we attempt to enter into practical minutise, it is 
desirable to inquire somewhat critically into the physiology of the process, in order 
that we may act upon established principles, and not be led by the dictum of any 
book authority. It is always advisable to search for causes, to know upon what 
ground, and by what means, an operation may be expected to succeed ; and why, 
as commonly directed to be performed, it but too frequently fails. 
A bud, in proper condition, is a single eye protruded above the angle of the 
footstalk (axil) of a leaf, attached to a healthy shoot of spring-formed, juicy, and 
somewhat ripened wood. It is attached to the surrounding bark, which is firm, 
stout, and of good texture, but not hard or rigid. The natural position of such a 
bud indicates the one to which it ought to be removed : it rests upon a portion of 
fresh, sappy alburnum, to which it is attached by fibres of a similar texture. 
From this position it is to be separated by the knife ; and therefore it is vain to 
hope that it can be transferred with success to any new stock, unless the quality 
and temperament of that stock be similar to those of the shrub from which it is 
to be severed. 
The first required condition is the secretion of the proper juice, termed Cam- 
bium, to such an extent as to insure the free rising or separation of the tender 
bark from the new wood below it, and that equally in both stock and scion. 
The second condition is this, that as the bud was seated on the juicy alburnum, 
where it was attached by a system of vessels constituting what is termed " its 
root," and which includes pith and a conducting vascular, embryo tissue, so it 
must, when removed, be made to rest and repose upon a surface in absolute juxta- 
position, so nearly allied to, and closely resembling that from which it was removed, 
as to permit, first, its close adhesion, and, second, its actual union, by attractive 
agency, producing an ultimate blending of parts, incapable of removal, except by 
actual force. 
This condition, which is indispensable, shows us the error of those writers 
who insist upon the removal of every particle of wood from beneath the bark of 
VOL. XII. — NO. CXL. A A 
