180 
CONSERVATIVE WALLS. 
of the appropriate condition of one or both of the members, or some want of 
adroitness in the manipulation. But it must be plain to every rational observer, 
that no success can result from any mode of operating which leaves a cavity under 
the eye ; and as the binding ligature cannot be made to pass over that, so as to press 
it down, the part immediately below, in lieu of being hollow, ought rather to pro- 
ject, so as even to touch the alburnum without strong pressure, and this it never 
can do unless that point of the alburnum called the root, with a thin slice of fibre 
adhering, be permitted to remain undisturbed. 
The vital union of parts first is induced by the steady pressure which brings 
two surfaces, moist with cambium, together, and expels air from between them. 
A blending of the fluids of each next follows, with a progressive development of 
inspissated matter, and of radiating medullary tissue. The bud swells, enlarges, 
and, in roses, frequently protrudes leaves before autumn : then the head of the 
stock should be cut back to within a joint or two, and the shoot, for security, 
should be lightly tied towards it. 
Many fine plants are thus early obtained ; but in other cases, perhaps, with 
greater safety, the buds remain silent till the spring. 
We recommend our country readers to watch the operation as it is performed 
by some of those well-practised budders, who make it a business to go about the 
neighbouring gardens and bud at a very low price. It would be a lesson 
purchased on reasonable terms, and prove exceedingly instructive as a most 
valuable physiological study. 
CONSERVATIVE WALLS. 
Since the publication, in the present volume, of the paper on the plants which 
endured the last hard winter against the Conservative Wall at Chatsworth, some 
of our subscribers have again called our attention to the subject ; and as this mode 
of protection is one of much utility in the cultivation of a large class of plants, 
both as regards success and economy, and constitutes, besides, a very attractive 
and interesting feature in a garden, we are readily induced to add to former 
observations, (vol. ix. p. 60,) a few instructions for their management. 
The conditions which govern the prosperity of flowering plants are much the 
same as those required to produce fine crops of fruit, and to maintain fruit-trees in 
a healthly vigorous state ; yet they seldom receive so much attention ; and we not 
unfrequently find the same person, who is most studious to prepare a suitable 
border for his peach-trees, quite regardless of the same point for flowering plants, 
even though floriculture is professedly his principal aim, and good crops of fruit 
(nominally) a secondary consideration. Surely, this is but want of reflection ! 
It is true that many of the finest flower-garden exotics, natives, too, of more 
genial climes than Britain, will grow like weeds in the summer season, seeming 
