ON GROWING CLIMBERS AND OTHER TALL PLANTS AS BUSHES. 
37 
union between the graft and stock. Mr. Knight stated these facts, many years 
since, in the Philosophical Transactions ; but he recurred to them not long before 
his decease, and thus expressed his conviction : — 
" The meduliary processes are formed convergently from the bark — they are 
permeable to fluids ; for when the bark is taken off in the spring, a fluid is seen to 
exude from them, which, under favourable circumstances, will become -perfect hark. 
When the bark remains on, and is performing its natural ofiice, I entertain 
no doubt but that those processes are the anastomosing vessels of the vegetable 
world, which carry such a portion of the sap that has descended down the bark, 
and is not expended in affording the matter of the new layer of wood, inwardly, to 
join the alburnous current." 
If this view be correct, we might presume that the Bark is the origin of the rays 
if not of the Pith. 
Let any one investigate a green, but perfectly-formed shoot of elder, at 
the period when its first year's growth is complete. By making carefully a longi- 
tudinal and eross section, the Pith, its surrounding sheath, cellular and fibrous 
tissues, and external integument, will be traceable ; but, perhaps, upon mature 
reflection, and by comparing a variety of observations during the course of growth, 
it will appear rational to conclude that all the parts have been developed simulta- 
neously, as accessories one to the other, and, therefore, that growth and enlarge- 
ment, which render visible what had been hidden, though pre-existent, are processes 
dependent solely on nutrition, under the exciting stimulus of solar light. 
ON GROWING CLIMBERS AND OTHER TALL PLANTS 
AS BUSHES. 
In a recent paper, we attempted to establish the desirableness of converting 
dwarf plants into Standards, by artificial means, and to prove that standard speci- 
mens were interesting as objects of curiosity, that they might be made useful for 
promoting convenience, and that, if their proportions be duly regulated, they are in 
the most rigid and refined sense ornamental. 
"We have now to advocate the adoption of a practice which may be considered 
directly opposite to that just mentioned, but which, however singular the fact may 
seem, is to be authorized, in great part, by the same principles to which we 
appealed in support of the former system. 
That two seemingly opposed practices should be made to spring out of one 
essential principle, is not so paradoxical as a first glance would lead us to suppose. 
It is quite compatible with the truth of a principle that it should be developed in 
a multitude of forms : and that these forms, though widely different in their aspect, 
should bear a common relation to each other as respects both their source and their 
constituent elements. 
