224 
THE EMPEROR FOUNTAIN AT CHATSWORTH. 
off with a shock to the pipes. For a short distance from the fountain the pipe is 
1^ in. thick in metal, and is secured by a saddle plate and bracket (cast solid 
to the pipe), firmly bolted to a mass of masonry. The end of the large pipe 
turns up with an elbow, and terminates with a flange, to which the flange of the 
tapering part is fixed. This tapering or conical part is about seven feet high, and 
is crowned by a brass nozzle. All the joints (with the exception of a few that 
were necessarily flange joints) are turned and bored, with clip sockets round each 
for additional security. There are also bands cast to the pipes for the same 
purpose, 3 in. by |, at every yard distant ; the number of joints is 298. 
These things will be better understood from the following figures, which will 
illustrate the different parts of the fountain pipe, and the apparatus used for letting 
the water off and on, together with the conical pipe and nozzle from which the 
water issues. The scale of figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, is ~ in. to a foot. Fig 5, and the 
sections n and with fig. 1, are ^ of an inch to a foot. 
At the lower end of the reservoir there is a mass of masonry as before noticed, 
with beams and floor for supporting and working the drop-valve, or apparatus for 
letting the water on and taking it off. 
Figure 1 represents this apparatus. The end of the conducting pipe finishes in 
the pond with a double flange, a, abutting 
against the masonry. Near the end of 
the pipe there is an upright piece of pipe, 
5, that admits the water, having a flange 
to which a circular brass seating is fixed. 
The inside of this seating is bevelled at 
an angle of 45°, and the brass valve, 
is bevelled to the same angle : they are 
both turned to a nicety, to make them 
fit close. The steading col- 
lar, d, moves up and down 
with the valve on the rods, 
e which are attached to 
the fixing plate, /. A plan 
of these is shown at ^. The valve rod, 7^, 
has a screw at the top, 
working in a brass female 
screw attached to the beam 
i. This female screw is 
moveable in its brass seat- 
ings by the wheel at- 
tached to it. The handle 
of the horizontal movement, /, which has 
a spiral wheel working in the spur wheel, turns the water on ; while the handle, 
