226 
THE EMPEROR FOUNTAIN AT CHATSWORTH. 
Figure 5 is a different form of upright pipe, wliich, by its flanges, may be 
attached to the flange 
figure 4, when a dif- 
ferent form of jet is 
wanted. This form will 
be a hollow cylinder, 
made by the inverted 
cone shown in the sec- 
tion. The outlet for 
the water will form a 
hollow ring, half an inch 
wide. In this figure 
the height from a to 
is 4 ft. 4 in., and 
from l>toc,2 ft, and | of 
an inch. The brass noz- 
zle is 51 inches. The 
cylinder is 12 in. in the 
bore, and the metal 1^ 
in. thick. The inverted cone is solid from its bearings to the tapering point. 
ruj V. Difibrent funnels and nozzles will be used, in order to give 
variety to the form of the water jet. 
The whole fall of the pipe, from the pond or reservoir to the 
fountain, is 381 feet, but it is not of a uniform declivity. For the 
first 450 feet it is about 1 in 40 ; for the next 200 feet it is very 
great — nearly 1 in 2 ; the next 800 feet falls about 1 in 5 ; and 
the remaining part 1 in 9. 
Upwards of 100,000 cubic yards of soil have been removed 
in making the conduit, reservoir, and track for pipe ; the latter 
being in some parts cut out of the solid rock to a depth of 14 or 15 
feet : the piping likewise crosses two ponds. The weight of metal 
in the pipes (which have been supplied by Mr. Barrow, of Stavely,) 
is about 217 tons. 
The Emperor fountain plays to a height of 267 feet. The fountain which has 
been known to attain the greatest height, previous to that at Chatsworth, was one 
at "Willielm's-hoehe, in Hesse Cassel ; but it never attained a greater altitude than 
•190 feet, and is now out of order. The next is the fountain at St. Cloud, which plays 
to a height of 160 feet. The fountain at Peterhofl^, in Russia, plays 120 feet high. 
The old large fountain at Chatsworth plays 94 feet high ; and the fountain at 
Versailles to a height of 90 feet. The great fountain at Chatsworth is expected to 
attain the height of 280 feet ! when the reservoir is quite full ; then the depth of 
