240 
OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER. 
last month's number, observing to syringe the forced plants frequently, for the 
suppression of insects, and to fumigate them also with tobacco, if necessary. 
In the damp, foggy weather, for which this month is almost proverbial, air 
should be admitted very cautiously into the greenhouse, even though the atmo- 
spheric temperature may be sufficiently high to warrant it, as it is one of the 
most important principles of plant culture to keep the houses dry at this season. 
In dry and favourable weather, however, every opportunity should be embraced 
for admitting it as freely as possible, as, in this case, it will have the effect so 
much desired, — that of drying up all superfluous moisture, and expelling the watery 
vapour which is constantly transpiring from the plants. If this point is properly 
attended to, and the plants are watered with caution, at the same time observing 
not to spill the water about the paths or other parts of the house, fire heat 
will never be required in the greenhouse, unless when the frost is very severe. 
Cape bulbs should be potted in the early part of the month, and they may be kept 
in a pit or frame through the winter, with a covering of mats or hay in frosty 
weather. Water them very sparingly, or they will be liable to rot. 
The beds and borders of the flower-garden should be freed from all rubbish, and 
the operation of digging them may be commenced towards the end of the month. 
Of course all deciduous shrubs should be pruned previously, though we are inclined 
to believe that roses should not be pruned till the spring, as we saw many which 
were greatly injured by the frost of the last severe winter, on account of their having 
been cut too early. All kinds of trees and shrubs may be layered, if an increase 
is desired ; it is better either to make an incision or a tongue (as it is technically 
termed) in the shoots to be layered, as this will facilitate the formation of roots. All 
bulbs should be planted this month, herbaceous plants should be divided, and it 
is highly advisable that the latter should not be planted in the situation they pre- 
viously occupied, which will preserve the flowers from degenerating. Protect all 
tender trees and shrubs with mats or other covering towards the end of the month, 
as frosts will most probably then be becoming prevalent. Attend to the potting 
of annual plants as they may require it, and be especially careful to preserve them 
from damp. There are some kinds of herbaceous plants which are not completely 
hardy, and to these a slight covering of dry litter will be of great advantage ; this 
should also be effected ere the month closes. 
