72 
OPERATIONS FOR APRIL. 
situations having been obtained, each forms a small flat white cocoon, which in a few days becomes 
exactly the colour of the branch ; and in August the perfect moths appear. This moth measures 
a quarter of an inch, when the wings are expanded, all four of which are dull white. The second 
brood are full fed and become pupae at the end of October, and the moths appear on the fol- 
lowing May. 
Microsetia sericiella, or Satin Pigmy Moth, is another leaf miner ; in dry seasons these become 
very prevalent upon China Roses trained against walls ; their mines presenting the appearance of 
brown spots upon the leaves. The caterpillars scarcely exceed the eighth of an inch in length 
when full grown, are of a dirty brown colour, with a dark head, and go into the pupae state in 
October, and the perfect moths appear the following June ; the colour of this little creature is 
blackish-brown with a silky gloss, and measures a quarter of an inch when the wings are expanded. 
Lozottznia rosana, or Rose Leaf Roller. — This is a small but very beautiful moth, measuring, 
when the wings are expanded, about half an inch. The first pair have a yellow ground, and are 
closely netted with red, and crossed with three red bands ; the lower wings are dull black, and the 
abdomen corresponds. The eggs are laid about the end of June, and the young caterpillars feed 
upon the leaves and buds until the end of August, when they form small brown shining cocoons on 
the under sides of the leaves, which they roll up, and tie fast with silken webs. The buds inhabited 
by these caterpillars are easily distinguished, as they are unable to expand, and a small perforation 
is discernible on the side. 
Lozotcsnia Icevigana, or smooth oblique Bar. — Perhaps no species does more injury to the buds 
than this ; in habits, colour, and size, it greatly resembles the L. rosana. 
Lozotcsnia operana, or Great Hook Tip, appears at the same time as L. rosana ; it seldom attacks 
buds, but is a voracious leaf eater. The perfect moth measures, when the wings are expanded, 
one inch. The first pair bright red, netted and clouded with rust colour ; and the second pair 
yellow orange shaded with brown. 
Spilonota cynostabella, or Black-cloaked-Moth, is another species very injurious to buds : it 
also ties four or five leaves together and forms within them a thick silken web, where, when full 
fed, it becomes a pupa, and the perfect insect appears in September ; the expansion of its wings 
is three-quarters of an inch. The first pair are black and white ; second pair, dull black. 
Spilonota aquana, or Brown cloaked Moth, chiefly feeds upon the leaves, and seldom becomes 
sufficiently numerous to do much injury. 
Argyrotoza Bergmanniana, or Silver-arched Moth.— This little creature measures, when the 
wings are expanded, about half an inch. The first pair are yellow, clouded with copper, and 
obscurely netted with the same, having four slightly carved streaks of silvery dots ; the second 
pair are brown with yellow fringes. This is one of the most plentiful moths we have, being found 
in every garden, in all parts of the kingdom, during July and August. The caterpillars are brown 
with a black head, and covered thinly with hairs. When the buds begin to unfold themselves, in 
April and May, the little caterpillars feed voraciously upon them, and effectually destroy the 
petals ; when disturbed they run backwards, and descend quickly towards the ground, by means 
of a web they spin from their mouths. When about to become pupae, which happens about the 
end of June, each spins a thick web within the folded leaves, casts off its caterpillar's skin, and 
incloses itself in a small brown cocoon ; in this state it remains until the end of July, and then 
appears in its winged state. The eggs are laid shortly afterwards, at the base of the buds, and if 
not eaten by " Tits," and other insectivorous birds, during the succeeding winter, they become 
larvae the following spring. 
Pterophorus rhododactylus, or Rose Plume Moth, is also a great feeder upon the leaves ; this 
is one of the plume-winged species, measuring nearly an inch when the wings are expanded. The 
first pair are yellow, and consist of two plumes ; the second pair are each divided into three 
plumes. 
