OF NORTH AMERICA. 
43 
simple deciduous filiform villose stigma simple 
fruct a fleshy syncarpe or concrete berry by 
coalescent berries verrucose tesselated as in 
Artocarpus, forming many cells at the periphe- 
ry, each with one seed obovate. Spinose tree 
with alternate distichal leaves , fruits large 
axillary,— Thus intermediate between Arto- 
carpus and Fusticus . My name means Bow- 
wood (loxilon would have meant arrow-wood) 
one of its name. 
578. Toxylon maclura Raf. T. pomiferum 
Raf. 1817. Maclura aurantiaca Nuttal 1818, 
Raton. Brouss.tinctoria Spr. K. Torrey! Leaves 
smooth lucid ovate acuminate petiolate entire, 
a recurved spine near their base, fruits orange 
like, axillary subsessile drooping — in Arkanzas, 
Texas and upper Missouri, a small tree 20 to 
30 feet high, branches spreading, leaves 2 to 4 
inches long, petiol about one inch, fruits size 
and shape of an orange, nearly same color, but 
structure like the bread fruit or pine apple, con- 
taining a sweet amylaceous milk. Wood yel- 
low tough and heavy, used to make excellent 
bows, bark affording a fine flax. Tree easily 
raised from cuttings and layers, forming excel- 
lent hedges. Called Ayac by the Indians, also 
Bow- wood, yellow wood, stinking wood, Osage 
apple, — I made two oversights in my first ac- 
count of this valuable tree in 1817, calling the 
leaves serrate and wood used for arrows. Seen 
alive in many gardens with flowers and fruits. 
Nuttal calls the nerves puberulent beneath, they 
are only so when young, the flowers and styles 
are yellow. 
579. FUSTICUS Raf. Fustic tree differing 
from Morus or Mulberry by female Catkins 
globular, flowers distinct, calix scariose 4par- 
