ON REMOVING DETACHED TREES. 
47 
or ten men or more to carry them. Put these irons under the ball of earth, as near 
the centre as possible, leaving* a space between them of about two feet, and for 
larger trees a little more : run two strong poles about eight or ten feet long, and 
three or four inches in diameter, but smaller at each end. Apply these poles as 
shown in the sketch, to each side, passing 
them through the bends of the irons, so as 
to form a complete hand-barrow ; the tree 
may then be lifted. 
Cross levers maybe used for larger trees, 
which require more men, as (6), so that 
as many men can conveniently apply their 
strength to it as are wanted, without being 
in each other’s way. The whole is fixed 
and unfixed without any loss of time, and 
requires no tying, nor is there any danger 
of its slipping off. The roots which extend 
beyond the ball are cut off at the further 
side of the trench, and are left projecting. 
In taking up the tree, it is advisable to go 
much wider with the spade from it than 
the ball is intended to be ; the size of the 
ball may be afterwards reduced with a 
pick, so that scarcely a root will be mate- 
rially injured. 
In planting, spread the projecting roots out carefully in different layers, as near 
as possible to their original position, as the hole is gradually filled with mould. The 
best way of forming the ball, is to prepare it the year before the tree is to be taken 
up. This is to be done by digging round, and cutting most of the principal roots. 
In removing very large trees, the taps and other large roots, which cannot conve- 
niently be got at, may be separated by means of a long chisel applied under the 
ball of earth. In moderate- sized trees this is not required. 
In some situations, trees and shrubs planted as above will scarcely require 
supporting, as the large ball of earth will steady them sufficiently ; but on exposed 
lawns they will scarcely be safe without some kind of support. Various have been 
the means resorted to for supporting newly-planted trees : all the usual methods 
have proved partly ineffectual, as they invariably caused either a partial or total 
destruction of the trees they were intended to preserve. To prevent the evils 
arising from the friction of stakes and band 
ages, many persons plant their trees so deep, 
that to avoid destroying them one way, they 
actually do it another. 
The best system of support, and one 
which we have practised at Chatsworfh, with 
the most perfect success, is the following. 
Obtain three straight pieces of wood, and lay 
