142 
ON THE CULTURE OF ROBES, 
21. Those planted during July and August in an aspect exposed to the sun, must 
be carefully shaded from the violence of his rays throughout the summer season, but 
in winter be allowed as much light as possible. 
22. Always cover them carefully from the effects of frost during winter ; and 
occasionally in fine sunny weather take off the glasses for half an hour at mid-day, 
to dry up the damp. 
23. Suckers. Greater part of the sorts in this second division , as well as many 
others, will admit of being propagated by suckers, or by division of the root ; care 
must be taken to dig them up with as much root as possible. 
24. Propagation by Seeds . This mode is only practised when new varieties 
are wanted. Gather the heps as soon as ripe, and rub the seeds well out, and wash 
them clean in water, and spread the seed on a floor to dry. 
25. When dry, fill some pans, or boxes, to within an inch of the top, with light 
sandy soil, broken small, but not sifted. Sow the seeds moderately thick, and 
cover them with about half an inch of the same soil, finely sifted ; sprinkle a little 
water over them, and cover the surface with moss, or something of the kind, to 
preserve the soil moist ; and place the box under a warm wall, and, when cold wet 
weather commences, remove it to a pit, or green-house. 
26. As soon as the plants are up, which will be about March or April following, 
remove the moss ; and when the plants are large enough, thin them out, trans- 
planting fc all that are taken up into other pans or boxes. In the following spring 
they may all be planted out in a bed of light soil, and be treated like old plants. 
27. Budding . All roses take readily by budding, or grafting one upon the 
other ; but it is obviously necessary that free-growing kinds should be worked upon 
stocks which are likely to keep pace with them ; and luxuriant and slow growers 
should not be worked together on the same plant, because the former, by absorbing 
an undue share of sap, would literally starve the latter. 
28. The best time for the operation of budding to be performed is the end of 
July, or beginning of August. It is of primary importance with many kinds that 
the Stock, at the time of being worked, should be healthy, free-growing, free from 
knots and excrescences, and in full sap. For, if the bark does not rise with facility, 
owing to a deficiency of sap, there will be considerable trouble to insert the bud at 
all, and, should that difficulty be overcome, the pains would in many cases be lost, 
for the buds would perish for want of a due supply of nourishment. This, how- 
ever, must not be taken as a general rule, as many sorts will take freely, if the 
operation be performed in the spring, providing a small portion of wood be attached 
to the bud ; for this purpose scions are cut, and stuck into the ground, until 
the bark of the stock will begin to rise. Many sorts will grow very readily, if 
inserted in a niche exactly fitting the bud, and tightly bound up with some soft 
bass mat. 
29. The common dog rose is the best foundation for standard roses. Stocks of 
this species, transplanted out of copses and hedges any time from the middle of 
October to the end of November, and even as late as January, answer well for 
budding the succeeding summer : but those planted before the end of November 
are to be preferred, as they always grow more vigorous than any planted later. 
