August i, 1890.] 
the tropjcal agriculturist. 
HI 
Ellia. The great difficulty however exists in _ a 
locality. The requisites are excess of humidity 
amidst forests of dense jungle, where it grows in 
ravines and hollows near rivulets or pools of water. 
The soil should be light and porous, yellow or 
yellowish red over sand : it oontains no carbonate 
of lime and the iron of the soil is almost wholly 
in a state of carbonate of iron — hence even in 
Assam and China tea-soils are comparatively of 
rare occurrence. The plant requires much rain and 
a bright sun. 
I am not aware that Hops have ever been attemp- 
ted to be introduced at Nuwera Ellia, they surely 
would succeed. As the neighbourhood is becom- 
ing more populous, possibly a Brewery might succeed. 
That the grasses at Nuwera Ellia are of very 
inferior quality seems notorious — but surely are 
capable of great improvement. Were their quality 
good, the country is well adapted for pasturage — 
Cattle and Horses have great animal spirits, and 
there are no leeches. Vetches of different kinds 
are also appropriate to the climate. 
The Flora of Adam’s Peak is probably entirely 
similar to that of Nuwera Ellia— but not having 
level ground near the summit of the Peak, many 
of the meadow flowers have to be excluded, and 
possibly there are species which do not exist in the 
Nuwera Ellia country, for instance a new Mono- 
cera or Elaocarpus with purple fruit and entire 
leaves. The existence of species of Magnolia ia an 
interesting feature. It however is probable that all 
the Indian Magnolias should be classed with 
Michelia. The existing sp. (two in number on the 
Peak) have the type of Magnolia punilla. 
It was my intention to have added a list of descrip- 
tions of Rare Plants not named by Moon, but those 
daily increasing, I shall reserve them for some future 
opportunity, when our knowledge of what has 
been done by Indian Botanists is greater, which will 
prevent the confusion that mi,ght otherwise exist. 
In conclusion, one word resptcting the Govern- 
ment gardens. Let bye-gonea be bye gones, as is 
said in the North. Little undoubtedly has hitherto 
been done, and some of the leadmg requisites have 
been nojfleoted and the Gardens require great at- 
tention and severe application from its new Superin- 
tendent to place them on the footing they ought to 
hold — but thanks to the liberality of our present 
Government, the aspect is beginning to change, 
and order will soon rubbish out the many rare 
plants and trees which are at present unnamed, 
and consequently unknown both in the gardens and 
in the beautiful series of drawings which have 
been amassed from time to time without name. 
Let us therefore hope to see Peradenia re-established 
asKew has been in the— 40’s, and a taste for Botany 
revive in the Island, and when our Indian friends 
find we are really in earnest — they will not be 
backward in imparting to us the many treasures 
yearly added to their own gardens, and in shewing 
us how many neglected resources of wealth or utility 
exist in what is at present,— Unreclaimed Jungle 
Kandij, May ‘iWi 184,3. 
Tabi.h 1 st. 
GkNKI'.VJ. rKATUJUiS OK CuYLON VeCtETATION. 
Plants which beiny comnion or growing in masses 
form the general character of vegetation ; from the 
Coast to an elevation of 2,000 to 3,000 feet above the 
3vel of the sea. 
General temperature 70° to 80° Faht. 
I. Predominating Tree like Plants. 
Dillenia Speciosa, Aquatioa & 8p. Annonacaj Sp. 
Terminalia Catappa and Sp, Memycylon ramiflorum 
and Sp. Psidium pomiferum, Syzygium caryophyl- 
lum, Eugenia Sp. Jambosa vulgaris and Malaccensis, 
Calopbyllum InophylUun, Sterculia Balaughas, Bom- 
bax Malabarica, Eriodendron anfraotuosum, Pteros- 
permum subetifolium, Thespesia populnea, Elaso- 
carpus serratus, Grewia Sp. Citrus decumana, Limo- 
nia arborea and Sp. Glycosmis Sp. and others, 
Aurantiacese, Croton Moluccanum, Euphorbia anti- 
quorum, Erythrina Indica, Caasalpinia Sappan,Poin- 
ciana Pulcherrima, Moringa Pterygosperma, Bauhinia 
tomentosa, Semeoarpus Anacardium, Anacardium 
occidentals, Mangifera Indica, Morus Indica, Ficus, 
glomerata, Eeligiosa, Indica, Elastica and others, 
Celtis orientalis, Artocarpus integrifolius, Incisa, 
Pubescens, Cassia Sp. Hernandia sonora. Cinna- 
monum Sp. Morinda citrifolia, Glerodendron infortu- 
natum, Callicarpa lanata, Vitex trifolia, Negundo 
and Sp. Tectona grandis, Tabernasmontana dicho- 
toma, Plumeria acuminata, Borassus flabelliformis, 
Areca Catechu, Caryota urens. Cocos nuoifera, Musa 
Sp. Pandanus odoratissimus and Sp. Bignonia Sp. 
Meliaccss, Metroxylon Sagus, Carica Papaya, Bam- 
busa arundinacea, Tamarindus Indious, Rioinus 
communis, Bixa orellana, Spathodea Indica. 
2- Predominating Shrubs and Plants. 
Cissus and Vitis Sp. Osbeckia Zeylanica and Sp. 
Mukia scabrella, Coccinia Indica, Langenaria vul- 
garis and other Cucurbitaceaa Modecca palmata, 
Passiflora fastida, Cardiospermum Helicaoabum, 
Schmidelia CobbS, Hibiscus Surattensis, Urena 
lobata, Abutilon Sp. Sida Sp. and other Malvacese, 
Triumfetta angulata and annua, Ammannia octandra 
and Indica, Zizyphus -Enoplia and Sp. Phyllanthua 
Niruri, Urinaria, Emblica, Croton laceiferum and 
Sp. Jatropha Curcas, Euphorbia Sp. Portulaea, 
Mulluga Sp. Toddalia aculeata, Impatiens Sp. Crota- 
laria Verrucosa, Laburnifolia and Sp. Indigofera Sp. 
Tephrosia purpurea and Sp. Desmodium trique- 
trum, Polycarpaea and Sp. Abrus preeatorius, 
Flemingia strobilifera, Phaseolus Sp. Acacia Sp. 
Guilandina Bonduc, Cassia occidentalis, Tora and 
Sp. Bohmseria Alientata, Piper Sp. Canaiera Scan- 
dens, Aristolochia Indica, Amaranthaoese, Menisper- 
mace®, Ipomsea Zeylanica and Sp. Mussainda fron- 
dosa, Hedyotis Sp. Ixora coooinea, Pavetta Indica, 
Elephantopus scaber, Vernonia zeylanica cinerea, 
Psiadia balsamica, Bidens Chinensis Ocimum Sp. 
Leucas zeylanica, Indica, Stachytarpheta Indica, 
Lantana Sp. Barleria Prionitis, Justicia adhatoda, 
Gendarussa, Ecbolium, Betonica and Sp. Gratiola 
Sp. Datura Metel, Capsicum annuum. Minimum, 
Solanum Indicum, Nigrum, Jacquini Carisa Sp. 
Asclepias Curassaviea, Calatropis gigantea, Hemi- 
desmus Indicus, Zingiber Sp. Alpinia Cardamomum, 
Costus speciosus, Canna Indica, Gloriosa Superba, 
Tradescantia cristata. Axillaris, Dioscorea alata and 
Sp. Arum, Caladium, Sp. Pothos scandens, Cyper- 
aceee and Glumosas, many Sp. Tragia Chama^lea, 
Lycopodiee and Filices many Sp. 
On Trees, Loranthus many Sp. Epiphytal 
Orchide®. 
In Marshes and Ponds. 
Pontederia Sp. Nymphtee Sp. Nelumbium speoi- 
osuin, Justicia Sp. Hydrolea zeylanica, Exacum 
zeylanicum, Villarsia cristata and Sp. Convolvulus 
reptans, Eriocaulon Sp. Gratiola Sp. Torenia Sp. 
Diceros Sp. and others. 
Table 2nd. 
General features of the Flora of the Sea Coast 
near Colombo ; elevation level of the Sea to 500 feet. 
Ther. 80° to 86 Faht. 
All the trees and plants of Table 1st, large topes 
of the Cocoa Palm add. 
1. On the Sea Shore. 
Argemone Mexicana, Heritiera littorahs. Convol- 
vulus Pes Capr®,* Bignonia salina, Ehizophora can- 
* This is the “ goat's foot ipomea,” which in the north- 
east monsoon months is covered with beautiful purple- 
rod bells. Tennent, on hit arrival at Colombo, found 
