164 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [September i, 1890. 
Sp.. Osbeekia Sp. Agapetes Sp. Crotalaria Sp. (type | 
of C. Notonii) Crotalaria Sp. Euphorbia Sp. Hedy- 
otideee tree Sp. Phyllanthus Sp. Poiygoiium Sp. 
4th, Jungle, 
Undersb rubbery of Nilla and a creeping Bamboo : 
also Curcuma Sp. /Eginetia Sp. Polygonatum Sp.? 
(Solomon’s seal) Solanum Indicum, Nigrum, Perox 
Giganteum, Smilax Sp. Orchidi re, a handsome ter- 
restrial Sp. Cerbera parviflora, Piper Sp. Toddalia 
aouleata, Ardisia humilis, Eugenia laurina? many 
Eubincere and evergreen shrubs, Biophytum sensi- 
tivum, Forests of the Bed and White Kmo, Croton 
Moluccanum, the trees of the mountains of 
kandy and many unknown Sp. Magnificent Filices, 
Epiphytal Orchidere, Hedychium angustifolium and 
flftvum, Medinilla Sp. a creeper, Hedyotis Les- 
cbenaultiana, Geophila renitormis. 
Table 7th. 
Flora of Adam's Peak — March Summit of the Peak. 
Ehododendron Nobile, Hedychium flavum or 
coronarium, Gnaphalium hypoleucum, Utricularia 
Sp. Exacum sulcatum (Koxb) ? (wh.) Valeriana 
hirsuta ? Moon, Cynoglossum decurrens, Calyptran 
thes densiflora ? (Arboreous) Orchis (N. E.) and 
Sp. Sinapis capsella, Viola serpens, Osbeekia 
truncata. Magnolia let. Sp. Lobelia exeelsa, 
Sonerila 1st. Sp. Hedyotidere Sp. (shrub.) Scutel- 
laria Sp. 
Loicer down Cone„ 
Osbeekia buxifolia, Monocera Sp. Osbeekia Sp. 
N. E ) Sonerila 2nd, and 3rd, Sp. Scutellaria 
Indica. 
From the Cave, over the loioer features, Amhegam- 
moiua side, 
Sonerila 3rd Sp. Ardisia humilis. Magnolia 2nd 
Sp. Dillenia dentata, Vaccinere Sp. (white fid.) 
Begonia tenera, Impatiens biglandulosa ? Moon. 
Buns into the flora of the Kandyan Mountains. 
From Moon’s List, 
Agrostis panicea, Impatiens serrata, Nauclea 
trifloia. Martynia orenata. 
Table 8ih. 
EemarkaUe Plants, near the source of the Maha- 
vittaganga. 
Ac'otrema costatum and Sp. Boraginere— N. Gen ? 
Plants of Table 4 and probably many other , 
good ones — 
Bidymocarpus Sp. 
Table 9tii. 
pMad from Kandy to Nimera-ElUa. 
The lower Kandyan vegetation to Gampolla ; add 
Melastoma Malabaihricum and Hedyotis fruticosa. 
Vegcation of the lower Kandian hills towards 
Pusilawe add — Lobelia exeelsa (river), Hedychium 
coronarium a 3 ■ angustifolium. 
Vegetation of Lemon grass tracts in Table 4 add, 
Hopea zeylanica and Impatiens Balsamina and Sp. 
Pusilawe to Eaviboddah. 
Burmannia disticha, /Eginetia bicolor, Peduncu- 
lata, Pnysalis flexuosa, Gnaphalium Indicum ? The 
cock plants of Table 4 abundant. 
Bamhera-gaha. 
The lower Kandyan vegetation has entirely ceased 
palms and Plantains not found. Forests of ever- 
green shrubb with small coriaceous leaves, Under- 
shrubbti'y of the Nilla add 
Myiisiica Iriyii, Hernandia aonora, Calliearpa 
lanaia,"oroton Molnccaruro still sparingly, Impa- 
tienB4 Sp. Hedychium ai gusiifolium Lobtlia exeelsa 
and Solanum giganteum very prominent in the 
vegetation, Bohmeria ahenata, Mvissitnda frondosa, 
Pubiacere, Cynoglossum decurrens, Epiphytal Orchi- 
dere, magnificent Forms. 
To Nuwera-Ellia, 
Medinilla? Sp. on trees, Impatiens 4 more p. Sone 
forming the undershbrubery (top of the Pass) 
Osbeekia Sp. 
Buns into the vegetation of Table 6th. 
May, 1843. 
CINCHONA CULTUEE IN CEYLON AND JAVA. 
We have been a good deal surprised to see the 
following deliverance in a contemporary : — 
“ Cinchona is an un failing resource, is respect to which 
we feel our pride touched whenever we think that 
Ceylon is beaten by our neighbours in Java, who have 
endured all our troubles and disappointments, but 
have risen superior to them, not, we think, by virtue 
or a better soil or climate, but by meaus of better 
methods of propagation and selection. The fact that 
these are as available to the planters of Ceylon as to 
those of Java causes us to chafe over the first and 
only defeat Ceylon men have suffered in their enter- 
prise.” 
We believe we have the advantage of the writer in 
having visited Java and seen its cinchona culture, 
as also its deep, rich soil of volcanic origin. 
Of course the Dutch colony started with the 
advantage of having obtained by purchase from 
Ledger the very best species of cinchona, to which 
attention was directed by the researches of Moena 
and his experiments in grafting the delicate G. 
ledgeriana on the more robust C. succirubra. 
As time went on plants and seeds of 0. 
ledgeriana, showing high analysis, became 
readily available in Java, and the culture 
spread. But we feel confident that, with all the 
circumstances mentioned in its favour, Java would 
not have so far excelled Ceylon in the culture of ’■he 
cinchona richest in quinine, had not a suitable, 
rich, volcanic soil been available to the planters of 
the Netherlands Indian colony. In the matter 
of soil, it is only the part of candour and 
truth for us to confess that Java has, un- 
doubtedly, the advantage over Ceylon, except, 
perhaps, in regard to some exceptional localities in 
our island. In climate, on the other hand, Java, 
which is in the corresponding latitude south which 
Ceylon occupies to the north of the equator it is 
quite true has no advantage over Ceylon. The case 
is rather the other way, for in Ceylon we know but 
little of the severe droughts with which Java planters 
have BO frequently to contend. Insect pests, too, bear 
heavily on the Java planters. With us in Ceylon 
helope'ltis has principally affected the cacao culture. 
We are not aware that this destructive juice-sucker 
has ever meddled with the leaves of our cinchonas; and 
only in a few isolated instances, and that net recently, 
has tea in Ceylon been affected by “mosquito blight.” 
1)1 Java, however, cinchonas suffer much occasionally 
from helopeltis, while on tea plantations the insect 
is even a greater curse than it is in India. We 
recorded what we saw on the occasion of our visit 
to Mr. Kerkhoven’s estate at Sinagar in the 
end of 1881. The tea bushes had been cut 
down within a few inches of the ground, and 
still bevies of children were busy collecting 
masses of the destructive insects. This fact, and 
the exemption of tea in Ceylon from insect and 
fungoid pests, with the discouragement induced by 
the low prices of our bark, may account for the 
absorbing attention paid to tea and the comparative 
neglect of cinchona culture in our island. If the 
prospects of cinchona became more encouraging, we 
cannot doubt that the care and skill of our planters 
