October i, 1890.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
245 
There oan be little doubt that in the course ol 
time the whole of the Malayan Peninsula will 
become a British province inoluding all the pro- 
tected states and probably Pedah and other districts 
nominally under the King of Siam. At present 
life and property in the protected states are just 
as safe as they are in Ceylon or Burma in fact 
more so. Consequently investors of capital need 
not fear anything beyond what is naturally in- 
herent in any unopened country. 
SlO PAULO EE-VISITED. 
travelling TOWAEDS the INTEEIOE — TIBW OE THE CITT 
AND OUTSIDE— TRAMWAVS—TELFGHAPH AND TELE- 
PHONE WIRES— GAS VBBfHS ELECTBICITT— BUST 
STREETS — NEWSPAPER BOVS — BAKERS — BUTCHERS — 
breweries and ice MANUFACTORIES — HOW MILK IS 
SUPPLIED — COOKS — SUPPLY OF PROVISIONS— LECTUR- 
ING A PIG — FUEL FOR DOMESTIC USE — EARLY RISING 
HABITS OP THE PEOPLE — THEIR COSTUMES — HOUSES 
FOE WORKMEN — THE RAILWAY STATION AND TRAVEL- 
LING ACCOMMODATION — WANT OP IMPROVEMENT — TRAIN 
SERVICE — PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY — 
DESCRIPTION OP THE JOURNEY — DIFFERENT GAUGE 
RAILWAY LINES — CULTIVATION — FESTIVITIES AND 
OTHER AMUSEMENTS OP THE PEOPLE OP CAMPINAS. 
Travellers by the early train from Sao Paulo to 
the interior have to be on foot at ^ a m. Some litUe 
time is spent on fortifyine oneself with coffee and 
bread and butter— the latter quite a luvurv, fresh 
and firm, procured from the European colonists who 
live on estates near by or who have small farms of 
their own in the vicinity. Altboush wo had seen 
few guests at the hotel the night before, we found 
them numerous now wishing to pay accounts. It 
is well that carriage fare to the Sao Paulo railway 
station be included in the hotel bill, for then one 
of the many carriages in waiting is secured by a 
waiter, and the luggage beins put in, we have only 
to step in at the porch of the hotel, and there is 
no haggling with the coachman on arrival al^ the 
station. Four shillings looks a big sum for a four- 
wheeler, when a single passenger could go by tram- 
car for five pence, but there are two of us, and as 
each has a portmanteau, a saddle, and small things, 
the cab is preferable. 
I mentioned that the station at which we arrived 
last night was near the outside of the town on 
low ground at the east end. the second nearest Santos 
and close to the Sao Paulo railway line owned by 
an English company. The comfort of the publ'O 
could have been easily considered by making both 
stations at one place, with little cost to either 
company, but railway directors here make public 
convenience a secondary oonsideration ; so the 
traveller from Bio has to find his way from the 
east end uphill to the centre of the city, and then 
descend to the west end where the o*ber station is. 
The English company’s station was made some 
years before the Sii Paulo and Bio de Janeiro railway 
was projected. 
By the time we leave the hotel daylight ba'’ 
broken, and we can see from the open carriage 
what a delightful aits has been chosen for the city. 
It is en ricking ground facing the east. About 
200 feet lower, and at some two miles dis^'-noe. is 
the Biver Tiete, which is here little more Mian the 
outoome of a mountain stream which cnmes from 
the hills between fSao Paulo and Santos and as 
the ground in the vclloy i, flat the river winds 
slowly amongst small, artificially-made woods and 
natural pastures towards the west. The streets 
of the town are laid out regnl.''rly, at the outside 
part of the town, but in the centre they partake of 
the irregular Portuguese style, and some are not 
very broad. All are clean, and well paved with 
square granite blonks, the shape of bricks, with 
kerbstones and side paths of large granite blocks 
or of concrete. 
Churohes form the most imposing buildings, and 
they also mononolize the most oonsninuous spots. 
Government buildings are also conspicuous by 
their massive forms, and large sums seem to be 
suent in elaborate houses of business, and retail- 
shops. The upper-floors of these are used as 
dwelling-houses, and one can observe that all are, 
inside and out— an imitation of the European style. 
Outside the business part of the town, and as we 
drive down towards tbe railway station, there are 
some very neat nslaceHes with surroundings of trees 
and shrubs of a kind not often seen in the 
same latitude as Sao Paulo. Verv little indeed 
is seen to give one an idea of being in the tropics. 
It is rare to see a house with a verandah, yet 
at some seasons of the year the sun must beat 
strongly against these granite walls, and turn the 
inside rooms into an oven. Verandahs do not seem 
to have attracted the first settlers in this country, 
for certainly the warmer parts at the foot of the 
hills or the sea noast do not show many houses 
with these valuable additions to a house. Even in 
the warm seaoort towns in the north they are con- 
spicuous by their absence. 
The city has a nicely arranged tramway service 
which seems to eonveniently suit the dwellers of 
almost every street. The ears are all open, seats 
across with reversible hacks, and for four have 
plenty of room on each seat; at the end of each 
seat is a support for the ronf. The gauge looks 
to me to ho one metre, certainly not exceeding 
S'.fi", and the motive power is supplied hv two 
mules abreast, and an extra one is put abreast 
et the foot of the hills. These tram-cars run far 
out of the husv part of the town to the regions 
of quiet “ ehacaras " fas they call a house situated 
in the midst of a pie"e of pasture, shrubbery or 
garden ground), where the business man can snend 
his spare hours in domestic bliss, and ths lady of 
the house can amuse herself with her poultry, 
her flower and kitchen garden. 
One can observe by tbe number of wires sus 
pended above the bouses that there is an ex- 
tensive telephone service, and in the centre 
of the town are several telegraph stations. 
I have already mentioned that the gas for 
lighting and for gas engines is supplied by an 
English company, and this is threatened annihi- 
lation when the contract time has run out bv 
tbe substitution of eleotricity. I think the sens’ble 
people in S- Paulo will, before cbauging tbe svstem 
of illumination, examine well whether the electric 
light has been a success in the towns in the snme 
province where it has been and is being introduced. 
Tbe numbers of people one sees in the streets 
at this early hour are not confined to those seeking 
the railway station. The streets are ringing with 
the cries of newspaper boys, and numbers of sh"e- 
t'lacks are anoosting pedestrians, and pointing to 
their feet. The bakers’ van is seen rattling alone 
with supplies of bread to their customers; the smell 
nnovision shonkeepers in the various streets, hearers 
of large square willow-baskets, with the contents 
oarefuHv wrapped in red blankets, are distnihuMog 
hot muffins to houses as they go along, whi'e 
others ore stationed at the onrners of tbe streets 
selling the same kind of wares “ to such a« choooe 
to hnv ’em.” By a wise arrangement beef is 
distributed to the butchers the night before. ”ft»r 
having been insoeoted by eompetent authorities. 
There is more than one brewery in S. Paulo judg- 
ing by the number of springoarts one sees con- 
veying bottled beer. Nor is the aerated water 
