246 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
[October 1, 1890. 
irmnufaoturflr l^ss alive to the adviBibilify of 
dplivering; his full sVnhons, and soda water and lemo- 
nade bottles, and takins; away +be “ empties,” early 
in the morning. Oool as the weather is, large 
blocks of ice, the ehape and size of paving flags, 
are to be seen conveyed in spring vans, exposed 
to the air. Tn seme towns in the interior 
one notices at this early hour milk bovs 
with bottles in square baskets of perhaps two dozen, 
on each side of the mule on whioh he may be 
mounted, or he may see single bullock hackeries 
laden with vegetables as well as milk, and these 
all sent from farms in the vicinity of the town, 
but here the milk distribution is different. 
There are to be seen large black and white cows 
with short horns and with udders reaching to near 
the ground; a man goes before with the halter in 
his band, and a calf with a piece of leather fixed 
over its mouth is tied to the cow’s tail and 
follows behind. These go in solemn Indian file 
through the streets ; the buyer of milk hears the 
tinkling of the bell wbieh is tied to the oow’e 
neck ; and presents the man with a tumbler or a 
tin vessel ; the milk is drawn directly from the 
cow up to the quantity required, and then the 
procession resumes its course until another customer 
spnears. There are also houses at which he calls 
dailv. Now. mv good housewives, is not this a 
capital plan ? No chance of baby’s milk being 
mlved with chalk and water here, and if “ child’s 
milk ” should be always drawn from one cow, 
here you have it in its unadulterated purity and 
your temper does not get ruffled in the early morning. 
!Tn this matter of milk certainly Brazil is far 
in advance of India and Ceylon. —Ed. T. 4.] 
Cooks, both male and female, of all colours, 
from the white-skinned, olive-eyed native of Southern 
Europe to the rolling-in-fat ebony-black, descended 
indireet line from the land owners of Angola or 
Mozambique, are to be seen returning from the 
market with the daily supplies, for both large 
and small culinary establishments, conspicuous 
amongst whioh are beef and vegetables of local 
production. Nor are New Zealand products 
wanting, for the frozen -meat steamers, which 
call to coal at Bio de .Janeiro twice a month, 
leave each time a large quantity of potatoes, butter, 
cheese, game, salt-beef, salt-nork, hams, bacon 
and other things which are all sold cheaper than 
the same kinds ; the produce of this country; car- 
cases of fresh mutton are also left. The cook’s 
reticule willow-basket is a recipient for a varied 
assortment of eafables, and live produce is often 
seen hanging outside in the shape of chickens, 
du"klings, etc. Live pigs are bought and earried to 
he killed at home. One beautiful twentv td twenty- 
five pounder, a good sp°cimen of pure Berkshire, was 
dangling by the hind feat at the end of a stick, which 
was slung over the shoulder of a stout negro who 
was everv now and then stopping and turning round 
to give his very unruly charge a lecture as to the 
advisability of giving expression to its sentiments 
in a less noisy manner, and threatening to reduce 
the term of his life by a counle of hours bv letting 
him tall at once on the hard atones, wbieh lecture 
the pig did not mind much; and the negro did not 
carrv out his threat. 
Railway freights seem to make coals scarce for 
rnlinarvpurpnBP'.forbovsareseen carrying bundlee 
of firewood snlit in sticks of a metre long, and two to 
three inches thick; a bundle of ten will coat about 
a flhiiling. Oharcoal enters largely into consump- 
tion in the laundrv, and is also a costly item in the 
S Paulo household. 
Brazilians are noted for their early rising, and 
we are not surprised to see many well-dressed 
people enjoying an airing, ladies and gentlemen 
walking, rosy-faoed children being driven about 
in perambulators under charge of clean tidy looking 
Italian and German maidens, youths on bicycles 
are flying about, and there are also to be seen the 
lords of the soil on thorough-bred English horses 
with English grooms with cockades in their hats, 
and the regulation groom-clothing. 
As before mentioned, everything suggests a tem- 
perate climate, and a people bent on copying 
European customs. Top-ooats, Scotch plaids, and 
muffler shawls are general amongst the male portion, 
and beneath these are suits of West of England 
black, or Sootoh tweed, the head cover being 
either a Parisian ohimney-pot or a Christy or 
Townend stiff felt hat. 
The dresses and otitside coverings of the fair sex 
are similar to what one would see in the large 
towns in Europe in spring. The newest Parisian 
styles are always adopted, and the artistes in ladies’ 
dresses are either of French nationality, or have 
had a training in Parisian establishments. An 
American gentleman who lived at the same hotel 
with me told me he had been over the whole 
world, and he “never saw women dress so mighty 
fine, and whose looks were so mightily improved 
by their dress as in Brazil.” There is some truth 
in these remarks, but as regards these Sao Paulo 
brunettes, the erect carriage, the oorreotly formed 
figure, the healthy glow shining through the 
slightly tinged features, the long raven locks hang- 
ing down behind often a long way below the waist, - 
effer very little exercise for the improver’s art. I 
know a great difference since I was hero some 
eight years ago. Then there were large empty 
spaces near the railway station which are now 
filled up with large buildings, the lower portions 
of which are used as warehouses for country pro- 
duce, particularly coffee, and the upper floors as 
oounting-houses for commission merchants, or 
dwelling houses for commercial men. Santos, the 
seaport, whioh is distant some 66 miles by rail, 
has turned so very unhealthy of late years, that 
much of the business which was done there is 
done now in Sao Paulo. 
There are many neatly built houses for European 
artisans near the railway station. These are kept 
very tastefully. The occupiers are employed prin- 
cipally in the workshops of the Sao Paulo Railway 
Company and many are in service of large me- 
chanioal, and industrial establishments which have 
sprung up near the railway station of late years. 
There are iron foundries, brass foundries, machine- 
shops, sawing and woodworking shops, employing 
principally English speaking people , while amongst 
those employing a mixed population, and in in- 
dustries heavily protected by an import duly, are 
cotton mills, breweries, distillers of spirits, and 
makers of natural and artificial wines, French 
tile works, granite and marble works, luoifer match- 
makers, hat making establishments, boots and shoe- 
making factories, potteries, glazed pipe makers and 
many other occupations which have bad an exis- 
tence of only a few years as yet. There was always 
an ice manufactory, and lately to the list of labour- 
saving establ'Shments is added a laundry tilled with 
the most modern steam applianoes. 
The railway station itself shows little improvement 
on former years. It has not half the accommodation 
which the large increase of trafiio demands. The 
trade of the province has increased at least ten 
times ever since this station was made, and the 
railway being the great trunk li e, which is fed 
by ail the various branches whose ramifications 
extend through the length and breadth of the pro- 
vince for many hundreds of miles, has to receive 
all the passengers and goods, either to and from 
the seaport, Santos or to and from the capital of 
