October i, 1890.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
27s 
figures for exports from Britain; which are, of 
course, additional to exports direct from India and 
Ceylon to markets other than that of Britain. 
Here are the figures for the first half of 1890, 
which we trust may expand ten.twenty-thirty- 
fold before the expiry of the decade on which 
we have entered : — 
Export. — Since the 1st January, the exports from 
Great Britain of Indian and Ceylon Teas have been 
shown separately from those of China Tea in the 
official figures. It is satisfactory to know that 
lb. lb. 
1,443,994 of Indian Tea, and 651,968 of Ceylon Tea 
were exported from Great Britain during the six 
months ending 30th June. 
These exports were distributed as follows 
United States of America ... 
Indian. 
lb. 
423,776 
Ceylon. 
lb. 
189,636 
Canada ... ... 
235,595 
96,203 
Turkey 
256,634 
3,121 
Holland 
173,414 
85,234 
^Germany 
47,391 
121,842 
Russia 
15,664 
6,943 
9,040 
France 
22,172 
Other places ... 
269,348 
139,949 
1,443,994 
651,908 
* Probably part of the Tea exported to Germany was 
for Russia. 
On these figures the compiler makes remarks, some 
of which we quote: — 
United States of America and Canada. — The ex- 
ports to these countries are highly encouraging. Per- 
haps of all export markets, these two are the most 
promising. It is now beyond question that Indian and 
Ceylon Teas have at least taken firm root in these 
countries, and that the development of an important 
and increasing trade is merely a question of time. 
Wholesale houses in the large Tea drinking centres are 
keenly alive to the change which has of late been tak- 
ing place in the public taste — and are already learning 
that it is to their interest to foster a trade which they 
see is an increasing one. 
Both the Associated Tea Planters, Limited, and the 
Ceylon Planters’ American Tea Co., Limited, are doing 
a good work respectively for Indian and Ceylon Tea. 
They are both working on somewhat similar lines in 
BO far as, in addition to a wholesale business, they have 
each opened retail depots in New York. They are 
doing their utmost to bring their respective Teas under 
the immediate notice of the consumers. As prospects 
open, their retail depots will probably be extended to 
other towns, and their means of spreading information 
concerning Indian and Ceylon Tea be proportionately 
increased. 
Other agencies of various kinds are also at work 
and there are strong grounds for believing that both 
these important markets will before long become ex- 
tensive buyers of British Grown Tea. 
Then follow references to South America and 
South Africa, about which we are not so sanguine 
as the writer. The races of Latin origin, and es- 
pecially those with a large admixture of Indian 
blood, seem incapable of settling down to peace- 
ful government and commerce, and it is surely 
discouraging that the recent outbreaks of revolu- 
tion and war should have followed so quickly 
on the grand pan-republican demonstration in the 
United States. For South Africa, Natal could grow 
tea, but the crusade against Indian labour may 
prevent the development of the enterprise. We 
turn with far brighter hope to the as yet youth- 
ful British colonies of the south. The compiler 
of the review writes : — 
Our Australian Colonies already draw considerable 
supplies from India and Ceylon and will no doubt 
continue to increase the proportion of these Teas 
used. The exports of Indian Tea from Calcutta to 
Australia and New Zealand, from 1st May, 1889, 
to 30th April 1890, in the past three seasons were 
as follows : — 
1887-8. 1888-9. 1889-90, 
lb. lb. lb. 
2,408,019 2,869,184 3,595,712 
It may also be mentioned that the direct exports of 
Ceylon Tea to these places for the past six months 
were nearly 1,000,000 lb. 
The Paris Exhibition and the markets of Russia 
and Constantinople are referred to. But Russia 
will shut out British tea if she can, and we see 
little ground for expecting that the effete coffee- 
drinking Turks will ever become good customers 
for tea. But who can say ? The consumption of tea 
in Britain itself was only 1‘81 lb per head of the 
population in 1849, while now it verges on 5 lb, 
the figure for 1889 having been 4'91. Of the 
various foreign countries and British Colonies 
mentioned the compiler says : — 
All these openings, insignificant though some of them 
may appear, form an important total in the aggregate 
and may eventually prove of inestimahle value to the 
continually incre,asing production which is taking place 
both in Indian and in Ceylon. 
The progress of Travaneore as a tea-producer 
is specially noticed. There are 4^700 acres in 
cultivation, and the exports have risen from 
3,577 lb. in 1882-3 to 078,363 in 1888 9. It is tsated that 
Some forty different estates were represented in the 
London auctions last season, comprising a total of 
over 9,000 packages. In this district, Tea can be pro- 
duced of good quality, well suited for self drinking, 
as also for blending purposes. 
Of course every case of this kind reported con- 
stitutes an additional reason for the most active 
and persistent efforts to cultivate new markets 
for tea. There is a diagram showing the monthly 
average Home Consumption of China, Indian and 
Ceylon tea, during 26 years. From this we 
learn that China commenced in 1864 with 
7^ millions of pounds per month, rose to lOJ 
millions in 1879, and sank to 5 in 1889, India, 
which began with about J million in 1864, has gone 
on steadily and rapidly rising to 8 millions in 1889. 
The progress of Ceylon has been still more rapid 
from a few hundreds of thousands in 1884 to 2^ 
in 1889. The percentage of Indian tea to the 
whole consumption rose from 3 per cent in 1864 
to 52 per cent in 1889 ; while the rise in the per- 
centage of Ceylon has been from 1 in 1884 to 15 
in 1889. The percentages of India and Ceylon 
together make up 67 per cent of British-grown tea 
consumed in Britain last year. 
The details we have thus noticed and quoted are 
very interesting and in many respects important. 
With the progress of population, wealth and tem- 
perance, we have every right to expect a corres- 
ponding increase in the demand for the wholesome 
and fine quality tea we produce ; and in this 
case we have the satisfaction of feeling that what 
subserves our interests as produoera is entirely bene- 
ficial to the consumers. 
^ 
OLD BONES IN BENGAL. 
The Government of India, in their No. 67 
12-1, A, dated the 4lh October 1889, have invited 
the attention of Local Governments to the inoreas- 
ing exportation of bones from India, and asked the 
Provincial Department of Land Records and Agri- 
culture to embody remarks on the use of, and trade 
in, bones in their annual reports. The following is 
the information whioh has been gathered on the 
subject : — 
(1) Source axd Use op Bones. — Within thelast few 
years the oolleoton of bones from village wastes, 
for exportation to Caloutta, has become the re- 
