October r, 1890,] 
Supplement to the “ Tropical J gvknltjmst 309 
the owner or owners ; (i) Assess the amount of 
damages; (c) Furnish a I’eport stating (]), the 
particulars relating to tlie nature of the tresiiass ; 
(2) , the names of the owners (if ascertained) ; 
(3) , the amount of damages ; (4), the names of the 
assessors. 
( 3. ) The Police Constable or Headman shall take 
charge of the animals if the amount of assess- 
ment he not immediately paid. 
(4.) Forty-eiglit hours shall he allowed for such 
payment of damages and expenses of keep. 
(5.) On failure of payment within such time, 
the i)roi)rietor or occupier of the land so trespassed 
upon shall produce before the Police Court or 
Village Tribunal the report which, if verified by 
oath or alfirmation in open Court of the Constable 
or Headman who furnished it, shall be received 
in evidence. 
(6.) Notice shall issue to the owner, which 
notice, when the owner has been ascertained, 
shall be served on him or left at his last known 
place of abode. 
(7.) The Court shall then summarily make 
inquiry and take sucli evidence as it thinks fit, 
and if it thinks fit, award the aforesaid damages, 
charges for keep and penalty to the Crown. 
Snell summary inquiry may be made even with- 
out such notice as aforesaid, provided after 
reasonable iiuiuiry the owner has not been 
ascertained. 
(H.) Twenty-four hours shall be allowed for 
Hie payment of such awarded damages, charges 
and penalty. 
(9. ) On failure of payment within such time it 
shall be levied by sale of the animal, and if 
necessary by distress on the other ]>roperty of 
the owner of the animal. 
VI. In any case when any trespass shall be 
]iroved, whether any damage shall be proved to 
have lieen sustained or not, the Court may award 
a fine not exceeding Five Eupees for each animal. 
And in case of trespass on jirivate land, the Court 
may, at its discretion, order a share of such fine, 
not exceeding one-half, to go to the owner or 
occupier of the land, the remainder to the Crown. 
VII. Even if animals be not seized, yet on 
liroof of trespass, and on notice and procedure as 
above indicated, the owner shall be liable. 
VIII. (1. ) All cattle over eighteen months old 
shall be branded, and the owners shall in the 
month of January every year furnish the Chief 
Headman with a correct description of the braiul 
mai'ks. 
(2.) Each Headman shall juake a return to 
Government on or before the 1st IVIarch every year. 
( 3. ) On default of branding and furnishing such 
re])ort, the owner shall be liable to a jienalty not 
exceeding twenty-five cents for every head of 
cattle not, branded, and to a penalty not e.xceeding 
Two Eupei^s for every omission to furnish sucli 
de, script ion. 
(4.) Tlie moiety of any penalty shall go to the 
informer. 
(o.) Notliing herein contained shall extend to 
any Chief Headman's division, which shall be 
within 1 he ojieration of t he A'illage Communities 
Ordinance, 1S71. 
IX. Any iierson nnlawfully removing cattle 
detained for trespass, or causing animals to tre.s- 
pass ujioii fill' land of others, or driving the 
animals of others, or conni\ing at such animals 
being so driven, upon his own land with intent 
to take proceedings for cattle trespass, shall be 
punished by such punishment as a Police Court 
has juri,sdiction to award. 
X. (1. ) When cattle committing trespass can- 
not be seized or identified, so that the owners may 
be ascertained and proceeded against, the Govern- 
ment Agent or Police Magistrate of the District 
may grant a license to shoot. 
(2.) He may also on granting such license ap- 
]ioinf a fit per.son to endeavour to seize or identify 
the cattle, so that they may be .shot only on 
failure of seizure. 
(3.) They may be shot even when driven off the 
land or irrigation works in the endeavour to 
seize. 
(4. ) The license shall be in force only for one 
month from the date thereof. 
(o. ) Pigs trespassing may be shot without 
license, so also elephants and wild buffaloes 
trespassing on irrigation works. 
XI. The carcase of any stray animal shot shall 
be the property of the owner of such animal, but 
if the owner cannot be found nor any claim made 
therefor, it shall be sold by the local Headman, 
and the proceeds paid to the Kachcheri. 
XII. A I’olice Court or Village Tribunal may 
imjjose the full amount of damages or penalty 
under this Ordinance, notwith, standing that such 
amount might otherwise be beyond the jurisdic- 
tion of such Court or Tribunal. 
XIII. This Ordinance shall not affect any 
common law right in respect of damage sus- 
tained by trespass of animals. 
H. A. J. 
— 
BASIC CINDER. 
Basic cinder or slag, known chiefly as Thomas- 
slag (after the name of one of its inventors) on 
the Continent, and sold under the name of slag- 
phosphate-meal, is a manure, the merits of which 
have been much discussed of late, and one that 
is gradually coming into favour. Thomas-slag is 
a substance formed as a bye-product in the 
manufacture of .steel from pig-iron by the “basic” 
nr “ Thoma.s-Gilchrist’’ process. Steel is a com- 
pound chiefly of iron and carbon. It may be 
mad(i from pig-iron, which is also a compound of 
iron and carbon, but containing a larger proportion 
of the latter element than exists in steel. Hence 
in order to convert pig-iron into steel, a part of 
the carbon must be oxidized. Besides carbon there 
are other impurities in pig-iron which must be 
got rid of, and one of these is phosphorus. A great 
many iron ores contain phosphorus to an extent 
which makes them unfit for the manufacture of 
.steel of good (piality, and owing to the difficulty 
which was experienced in ridding the pig-iron of 
phosphorus, only the purer varieties were used, 
and steel was a dear commodity. But in 1870 
Messrs. Thomas ami Gilchrist discoveretl a mel hod 
by which the phosphorus could be remove<l from 
pig-iron, the resiilt of which was a revolution in 
the steel trade, and steel came to be much mort; 
widely used than it had been before. The new 
jwocess consisted chiefly in adding lime to the 
pig-iron, and lining the “ converter,” in which 
the iron is heated, with lime instead of bricks 
comi>o.sed largely of silica. That i.s, lime 
which is a base was u.sed instead of silica — an 
