534 
THP TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
[November i, 1890 . 
4,760,000 lb. valued »t R13,18,400. Messrs. Groves & 
Co. had a flour m’ll and bakery on the Nilgiris, the 
annual out-turn of which was 1115,000. There were only 
two Ice Factories, those in operation in the Presidency 
town. The Madras Ice ManufacnringOompany turned 
out 606 tons valued at R33,855 and the South Indian 
Ice 0 'mpany, 268 tons valued at R12,504. As regards 
the manufscture of Indigo there were 44 factories in 
Salem and six in Ganjam. Forty-nine vats in Vizaga- 
patam, 40 in Godavari, 1,408 in Kistna, 1,46.5 in 
Nellore, 1,021 in Onddapah, 203 in Anautapur, 23 in 
Bellary, 794 in Kurn lol, 272 in Chingloput, 569 in 
North Arcot, 465 in South Arcot and 40 in Trichiuo- 
poly. There were six iron and brass foundries, viz. one 
on the Nilgiria, two in Madras, one in South Canara, 
one in Trichinopoly and one in Godavari. The num- 
ber of mineral and Aerated AVater Manufactories are 
returned at 32. One Indian Condiment factory alone 
is returned for Madras, that of Messrs. P. Vencata- 
chellum & Oo. Messrs. Stanes & Oo., have an Oil- 
cake press at Coimbatore and Messrs. Alston & Oo., 
in Malabar. There are sixteen lamp-oil manufactories 
in the Godavari district with an aggregate out-turn of 
9,903,0371b. valued at ElO, 06,398. Only one Rice-Mill 
is returned, belonging to the Ooringa Rice Mill Com- 
pany (Limited). There were 5 Coir Works, four in 
Malabar and one in South Oanara. The Mylitta Silk 
Mills Company (Limited) carries on work in Madras 
and Coimbatore; the out-turn was 1,9201b. of tassar 
silk thread, valued at R21,120. Five Sugar Factories 
are returned, one at Aska and four in South Arcot. 
The Aska Factory turned out 26,896 cwt. of sugar, 
valued at E3,58,620. Of tanneries conducted ou the 
European system thirty were at work, viz,, three in 
Madras, one in Bellary, 14 in Madura, three in Coim- 
batore and two in Trichinopoly. There were 11 Tile 
Manufactories in South Oanara, two in Malabar and 
one in Madras. Messrs. Groves & Oo., possess timber 
mills on the Nilgiris, and the Basel Mission has car- 
pentering works iu Malabar. Thirty-two Cigar Mauu- 
fnetories are returned, viz., 18 in Trichinopoly, four in 
Madura, nine iu Godavari and one in Malabar. Of 
these the most importaut are John Heimpel’s Cigar 
Factory, Dindigul, with an out-turn of 6,000,000 valued 
at K75,000 Spencer & Co’s., T. B. Arumuga Mudaliar’s 
and Ibrahim Khan’s of Trichinopoly, the out-turn of 
each firm being returned at R75,000.— Jfaefras Timss. 
4 - 
BOOK NOTICES. 
Gems and Pbecious Stones of North America, 
By Geo. F. Kunz ; illustrated, 336 page?, size 7J x 11 
inches. Ornamental cloth cover. The Scientific 
Publishing Co. Price, $10. 
Two years ago popular interest was awakened in 
the subject of the precious stones of this country by 
an idu'trated article in Harper’s Magazine, by Geo. 
F. Kunz, gem expert, with Tiffany & Oo. Last year 
Mr. Kunz was in charge of the exhibit of precious 
and semi-precious stones sent by Tiffany & Co. to 
the Paris Exposition, part of which is now in the 
Museum of Natural History in this city. The ex- 
hibition attracted world-wide attention and won for 
Mr. Kunz a gold medal and high honors. An in- 
defatigable stndeut, he stands foremost in his line ; 
Special Agent of the United States Geological Survey, 
member of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain 
and Ireland, the Imperial Mineralogical Society of 
St. Petersburg, the Societie Francaise de Mineralogie 
and other scientifio bodies. 
The Harper article and the exhibit paved the way 
for tlie appearanco of a sumptuous volume, an edition 
de Ivxe, illustrated with eight colored plates, each one 
of them a revelation of the wonderful skill of the 
driuters in color, and attesting the great advance 
made in that art since the days when the count y 
went wild over the now much despised chrome. The 
work is a popular di^soripiion of the gems and 
precious stones of North America, of their occurrence, 
value, history and arclnoology. It also contains a 
history of the collections in which they exist, a 
i haptcr oil pearls and rcmarkahlo foreign gems owned 
in the United States. We recall no work in which 
the subject of precious .stones, mineralogy and ar- 
chaeology have been so closely associated. 
Ttiuj far, searching for gems has not figured, in 
American industries, save in two States — Maine and 
Nor^h Ciroliua; and yet, Mr. Kunz tells u», nearly 
all the known varie ies of jJrecious stones are found 
in the United States. The eight plates in colour 
furnish fso-similies of many of the gems found in 
this country. One lingers in admiration over the 
illustratio.us which have a depth and brilhaucy and 
fidelity to the originals that is remarkable. Plate 
7 is a reproduction of drawings — A., Rutile in 
quartz cut heart shape (Venus hair stone, Flechc 
d’Amrair, Sagenite) found in Alexander County, North 
Carolina. B. Smoky quartz, from the same locality. 
C. Rutile in quirtz. West Hartford, Conn. This 
latter is a superb bit of work, the smoky, al- 
most clove-brown color being closely copied, while 
the crystals of varying size, from the fineness of a 
hair up to one-quarter inch in diameter, and which 
cross and intersect each other in all direction,?, and 
of a reddish brown lustrous color, are reproduced 
with surprising fidelity. 
Plate 6 is a stuly in color that will charm the 
most critical. It represents a cut amethyst from 
Maine and a group of amethyst crystals from Penn- 
sylvania. The gradations of color in this plate, and 
the prismatic effects and the play of light on the 
cut gems give them an approach to the brilliancy of 
the stones themselves, which is a revelation of the 
printer's skill. 
Plate 5; This is a double-page illustration showing 
five gems. A large crystal of eiherald found in North 
Oarolina ; an Amaz m stone (Microdne) from Colorado ; 
a cut Aquamarine from Maine ; Azurite and Malachite 
in conceutric bands from Arizona, all evidence of 
rare skill and fidelity iu color illiistratioa. 
In plate 4 attention will be arrested by illustrations 
showing different varieties of tourmaline and a section 
of a crystal of tourmaline from Maine, sliowing dark 
blue and pick centre with white exterior A close 
approach to the original is found on plate 3 iu a 
representation of chlorastrolite from Lake Superior 
and an almandite garnet crystal from Alaska. 
Plate 2 shows the holy toad of the Zuni Indians, 
a clam she.ll inernsted with turquoise and shell. 
Also a specimen of cyanite from North Oarolina 
and a bit of turquoise in rock from new Mexico, all 
three rare bits of coloring. 
While the volume is artistically of great value its 
practical worth is immeasurable. The identification 
of specimens can readily be made from the plates, 
thus giving the miner and prospector the advantages 
that hitherto have been enjoyed by the expert, 
collector, mineralogist and geologi-t. It is a guide for 
the dealer and the jeweller. The volume should find 
its way into every school library, for here we hive 
the history of gems and precious stones. The chapter 
on pearls is of intense interest. The most important 
pearl fishery on the American coast is that of lower 
Oalif u'uia where the true pearl oy-ters are found. 
This and other fisheries on the west coast extending 
for 3,500 miles have been confirmed to the Pearl 
Shell Oo. , of San Francisco, by special franchise from 
the Mexican Government. 
Iu 1857 a pearl of flue lustre, weighing 93 grains, 
was fouud at Notch Brook, near Peterson, N. J. It 
became known as the “ Queen Pearl,” and was sold 
by Tiffany & Oo. to the empress Eugenie, of France, 
for 62,-500 ; it is to-day worth four times that amount. 
Ill the same locality was found a large round pearl 
weighing 400 grains, which would doubtless have been 
the finest pearl of modern times if it had not been 
ruined by boiling open the shell. AVithin one year 
pearls were seat to the New York market from nearly 
every State. Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas are the 
principal pearl-producing States. 
We have iu this work an account of seventv-four 
different collections of precious stones, including thoss 
of the United States National Museum, New York 
Slate Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, those 
iu different colleges and in the bauds of private 
