January i, i8gi.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
527 
•■^JS3SB^njT?-:^‘g;:sacT£OCi5 
draiDing} carried out on tobacco estates in Deli and 
elsewhere, would be considered much too elaborate ®'^u 
expensive by the generality of Ceylon planters. The 
year 1887-88, when the land in question was selected, 
was an exceptionally dry one, but unfortunately the 
year of the above experiment, 1889, was abnormally 
wet, and this, added to the fact that the estate was 
at an elevation of 1,000 to 1,200 feet above sea level, 
and was shut in on three sides by hills, causing the 
morning mist to lie long in the hollow, all told against 
the success of the experiment which, in fact, as far 
as this particular spot was concerned, was pronounced 
a failure. . 
In the meantime, however, acting on the advice ot 
their Manager, the Syndicate had applied f> r several 
lots of land on the banks of the Sambas river, and 
within a few miles of the town of Sambas, and on 
one of these contracts an experiment on a much smaller 
scale was tried, with the result that the tobacco pro- 
duce 1 was pronounced by competent judges to be 
equal to the best Deli produce. As you can under- 
stand, all this experimental work had cost the syndi- 
cate a considerable amount of money, and they wisely 
decided to lie on their oars for a little to see what 
the result was from the first planting by a Dutch 
Company which had followed in their footsteps on the 
lower alluvial land. 
I had the pleasure of me, ting the Managing Director 
of the Tabak Maatschappij, Sambas, Mr. Leyssiens, an 
old Deli planter, just alter he had visited the Serabe 
estate belonging to the Company, and he expressed 
himsilf as perfectly satisfied with the quality of the 
tobacco produced, and the prospects of his Company 
and tobacco planting in Sambas generally, provided 
the labor difficulty could only be satisfactorily arranged. 
It is the quality and not the quantity of the labor 
which constitutes the difficulty, as in nearly every 
batch of Chinese brought over from Singapore you ate 
sure to find some black sheep turned out of Deli, 
and they very soon manage to contaminate the raw 
cooly fresh from China. Severe measures must be 
taken with such men, and I think there is every hope 
that such will be enforced, as the new resident for 
the Western Division of Borneo, The Hon. S' W. 
Tromp, was for several years a Controlleur in Lankat- 
Doli, and thoroughly understands dealing with refrac- 
tory Chinese. Surprize has been expressed over here 
at the Singapore Syndicate not going ahi ad and 
opening up land; but I think they are quite justified 
in lying back a little now, having already, in a very 
plucky manner, sunk a considerable sum of money in 
the country, and, as they hold the very pick of the 
laud considered suitable for tobacco-planting, directly 
other (states are opened up their land will be very 
much increased in value, and they will then find no 
difficulty in disposing of it to advantage, or getting 
others to provide the necessary capital for opening on 
a large scale. I sincerely hope, and have every reason 
to think, that they will not only get back the money 
already sunk in the country, but derive a handsorne 
profit as well ; and they well deserve it, and it will 
be entirely owing to the pluck of the Smgapore Syndi- 
cate, who riaked their money at first, if Sambas ever 
proves the rival to Deli some expect it to be. 
I hear that several estates are to be opened up this 
year, and there is now direct communication with 
Singapore by steamer once a month, and also per 
Government steamer with Pontianak once a month. 
The terms on which planting contracts in Dutch 
Borneo are iieM areas follows: — The land is granted 
on a 75 y,.a a’ lea.se bv the Sultan and Kulers and 
their Chirf-, with the approval of ‘he Dutch Govern- 
ment, and the contractor binds himself to pay the 
following rent, viz., one guilder per bouw on one- 
fifth of his contract at the end of the fin- 1 year; one 
guilder per bouw on two-fiftha at the end of the second 
year; and so on up to the end of the fifth, when he 
pays one guilder per bouw on the full extent of the 
coutraot. As there are now frcmi 25 to 80 contracts 
in force in Sambas, averaging 10,000 bouws each, you 
can understand that the Sultan of .Sambas will derive 
a very handsome and yearly increasing income from 
this source alone. The wh^lc of tli S.mbaa ton Tory, 
you may say, has been taken up either as planting 
contracts or gold-mining concessions, the Sultan’s 
royalty on the latter being 2g per cent, of the gross 
minerals produced. 
The Sultan of Sambas is a courteous, educated native 
gentleman, having been educated in Java, and he 
rightly enjoys the full conftdenci of the Dutch au- 
thorities. The advai'ocment of Sambas from the nest 
of pirates ^it was not so very many years back to 
what it is now is entirely due to the Sultan’s just 
and enlightened rule under the guidance of the Dutch 
Goverjiment. 
— Local *; Times.” Kambab. 
^ 
A ‘ Scrub Extermiivator” has been invented 
in Melbourne ; and a sample of the preparation — 
which, while killing the plants, ought not to injure 
the soil — has been sent to the Government of 
Madras for trial. 
“ CooKONOiTE ” is a mineral substance very like India* 
rubber, and was originally discovered some years ago 
near Salt Creek, a tributary of the Ooorong inlet at the 
mouth of the Murray River in South Australia. It is 
found in swamps and hollows of the sand. Some beleve 
it to be of vegetable origin, and a species of gum or 
licheu, while others consider it a residue of peToleum. 
Boreholes have lately been sunk on the ground, and 
a depth of 500 feet attained, but without striking any 
oil. — Globe. 
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