221 
ON THE RAISED BEACHES ON THE NORTH EAST COAST OF 
YORKSHIRE. BY W. Y. VEITCH, ESQ., M.D. (PL. XI.) 
At the estuary of the Tees, and on the adjoining coast, there are 
several indications that alterations in the sea level have taken place, 
embracing a period ranging from pre-glacial to recent times. They 
are, perhaps, of sufficient interest to be recorded, and this ought to 
be done as nearly as possible in the order in which they probably 
occurred. 
Ancient river beds. — The most convenient physiographical records 
as a starting point, are the ancient river beds. The numerous 
borings taken in this district, prove that the pre-glacial stream which 
carried off the water to the sea from this neighbourhood, did so at a 
level considerably below the present low water mark. Its bed is 
traceable from the river Tees, near Newport, 
where it 
enters the 
county of Durham, and takes the direction of Saltholme, where it is 
ascertained by a boring to be 98ft. deep, and 
filled with sand and 
gravel ; the following is the section : — 
FEET. 
Sand 
35 
Warp (a fine carbonaceous mud) 
15 
Sand 
23 
Warp 
23 
Gravel 
2 
Into the red sandstone ... 
1 
99 
It is next traced to Port Clarence, where boulder clay at a 
depth of 77ft. was proved, according to the following section : — 
FEET. INCHES. 
Soil .. ... ... 
1 
6 
Clay ... 
4 
— 
Dark Sand 
7 
6 
Clear Sand 
26 

Red Clay 
3 
— 
Sand and Gravel 
8 

Boulder Clay 
Into the red. marl. 
27 
— 
By the following boring 
it is indicated at the works of Messrs. 
Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., at Middlesbrough: — 
