508 
Lutra vulgaris. 
Meles taxus. 
Ursus Arctos. 
Sorex vulgaris. 
Sorex moschatus. 
Bos primigenius. 
Bison priscus. 
Cervus elaphus. 
Cervus capreolus. 
Sus scrofa ferns. 
Equus caballus. 
Castor Europseus. 
Arvicola amphibia. 
Arvicola agrestis. 
Arvicola pratensis. 
Lepus timidus. 
Lepus cuniculus. 
Mus musculus. 
This analysis, therefore, of the 53 Pleistocene species 
gives — 
14 as extinct. 
8 confined to northern climates. 
2 as confined to southern climates. 
1 as common to temperate and hot climates. 
28 as still inhabiting the temperate zones of Europe. 
53 
The inference drawn from the first of the above lists of 
mammalia, as regarding the physical conditions and the 
climate of Yorkshire, at the time they lived in the county, 
is highly important and interesting. Again, the proportion 
of 14 extinct to 39 living species proves that, in the geo- 
logical sense, the present order of things is separated by 
a small interval from the Pleistocene; while, from the fact 
that half are still living in the same European area, we 
may infer that the conditions of existence, the climate, and 
food, and the like, were then very similar to those now 
obtaining in the area in which we live. 
That, however, some great physical change has taken 
place in Europe since the Pleistocene times, is proved by 
the presence of other groups of mammalia — those confined 
now to cold and to hot climates. They afford evidence that 
at first sight appears conflicting, but which, upon analysis, 
we find to be very conclusive, that the climate in Britain 
in those days was very much more severe than at present. 
From the conditions under which the surviving Pleistocene 
herbivores now live, we can infer those under which they 
lived in Britain in that early period. The Northern group of 
Pleistocene mammalia, living only now in a severe continental 
