1921-22.] Obituary Notices. 363 
Society, the Royal Geographical Society, and the American Geographical 
Society. The Royal Society of Edinburgh awarded him the Neill prize and 
gold medal, 1911-13. He was an honorary LL.D. of Aberdeen, and a Membre 
de Comite de perfectionnement de ITnstitut Oceanographique de Paris. 
Enthusiasm, modesty, and single-minded devotion to science were 
characteristics of Bruce, and endeared him to a wide circle of friends. 
Indomitable, unselfish, and ever thoughtful of others, he made an ideal 
leader in the field, and succeeded in accomplishing an immense amount of 
work in a relatively short life. He has left an imperishable mark on the 
annals of Scottish scientific endeavour. 
R. N. R. B. 
II. Geographical and Oceanographical Work. 
The expedition of the Dundee whalers in 1892, which Bruce accom- 
panied in the Balcena, marked the first expedition to Antarctic regions for 
over half a century. Sailing nominally as surgeon, and actually engaged 
principally in sealing, Bruce managed, nevertheless, to make many impor- 
tant observations. A series of two-hourly meteorological observations, 
taken between lat. 60° and 65° S. and long. 51° and 57° W. during three 
months, was more complete than any previous set of observations, and gave 
the first strong evidence in favour of an Antarctic anticyclone. Many 
soundings and sea temperatures around the north-east of Graham Land 
were also taken. This expedition did much to reawaken interest in the 
Antarctic, and paved the way for the great effort of the opening years of 
this century. In the Challenger Office, and as meteorologist in charge of 
the summit observatory on Ben Nevis, Bruce found congenial work for a 
year. In Franz- Josef Land his work was largely zoological, but he took 
part in the survey of the western islands of the archipelago. 
In 1898 began a long series of visits to Spitsbergen and the Barents 
Sea which gave Bruce a wider knowledge of Spitsbergen lands and waters 
than any other explorer of his time. With the Prince of Monaco he helped 
in the detailed hydrographical charting of Red Bay and the survey of the 
surrounding land. Bruce Point marks the proximity of the rock where 
the Princesse Alice ran aground, and where Bruce organised a shore camp 
when the loss of the vessel seemed imminent. Many of the deep-sea 
soundings off western Spitsbergen were also made by Bruce in company 
with the Prince of Monaco and Mr J. Y. Buchanan. In Storfjord he also 
took soundings on several occasions, and removed from the chart the 
mythical “ fiat island ” which for long was reported to lie in the fjord. 
Bruce specialised in the exploration of Prince Charles Foreland, which 
