404 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
TWELFTH ORDINARY MEETING. 
Monday, June 19, 1922. 
Professor Frederick 0. Bower, M.A., D.Sc,, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., President, in the Chair. 
The Keith and Neill Pkizes for the period 1919-1921 were presented. On making the 
presentation the Chairman read the following notes on the work of the recipients. 
The Council has awarded the Keith Prize for the period 1919-1921 to Professor Ralph Allen 
Sampson, F. R. S., Astronomer Royal for Scotland, for his Astronomical Researches, including two 
papers, “Studies in Clocks and Time-keeping; No. 1, Theory of the Maintenance of Motion; 
No. 2, Tables of the Circular Equation,” published in t\\Q Proceedings oi the Society within the 
period of award. 
These two papers belong to a long series in which Professor Sampson has from time to time 
effected improvements in Instrumental Astronomy and the Science of Astronomical Observation. 
More than twenty years ago his work on the Durham Almucantar was recognised as a marked 
advance, and since then his papers in Astronomical Optics and on the Measurement of Time have 
greatly developed this side of his subject. 
Perhaps Professor Sampson’s best known work is the “Tables of the Four Great Satellites of 
Jupiter,” published in 1909, on which all ephemerides are now based. The precision of these 
tables, which corresponds to one-tenth of a second of time in the phenomena, is much greater than 
that of any previous tables. In recognition of their value Professor Sampson has been elected 
“ Mem bre correspondent du Bureau des Longitudes,” and the Royal Society of Edinburgh is glad 
to take this opportunity afforded by Professor Sampson’s absence from the Council this year in 
order to express its sense of the merits of work which has long been appreciated abroad. 
The Council has awarded the Neill Prize to Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer, F.R.S., in 
recognition of his contributions to the science of Physiology. Sir Edwakd’s work, extending over 
a period of fifty years, constitutes a remarkable record of his many-sided investigations, and he 
continues as actively as ever, by skilfully devised experiment and penetrative interpretation, to 
advance our knowledge of the structure and functions of the animal body. 
Beginning with studies on the coagulation of the blood, the first results of which were printed 
as a note in 1872, he passed on to investigate the structure of protoplasm, muscle, bone, liver, and 
blood corpuscles, the absorption of fat in the intestine, the proteins of the blood, ciliary movement, 
milk secretion, and other physiological problems. 
Sir Edward is known everywhere for his masterly work on the structure and physiology of the 
nervous system. But above all, his name will ever be associated with his discovery of the nature 
and functions of the ductless glands, which opened a new vista in Physiology and in Medicine. 
By his original memoirs and his admirable systematic works, his teaching, and his stimulating 
influence on younger workers. Sir Edward has added greatly to the prestige of British physiology, 
and the Council is glad to have the opportunity of marking its warm recognition of his distin- 
guished services to Science. 
The following Communications were submitted : — 
1. On the Septal and Pharyngeal Glands of the Microdrili (Oligochaeta). By Dr John 
Stephenson. Trans., vol. liii, pp. 277-295. 
2. On Self Light, Fatigue, Inhibition, and Recurrent Visual Images. By Professor W. Peddie, 
D.Sc. Proc., vol. xlii, pp. 319-320. 
3. Chemical Combination and Sir Alfred Ewing’s Magnetic Atom. By Principal A. P. 
Laurie, D.Sc. Proa., vol. xlii, pp. 352-361, 
4. On the Dominance Ratio. By Mr R. A. Fisher. Communicated by Professor J. Arthur 
Thomson. Proc., vol. xlii, pp. 321-341. 
5. On the Question of Priority of Invention of the Leader System for Ships. By the General 
Secretary. Proc., yoI. xlii, pp. 348-351. 
6. Note on a Theorem of Frobenius’ connected with Invariant- Factors. By Sir Thomas Muip, 
LL.D., F.R.S. Proc., vol. xlii, pp. 342-347. 
