facilities. A massive shift to fossil- 
based synthetic fuels is often envi- 
sioned as part of this scheme. But 
other people fear that plans such as 
these and, more generally, the pres- 
sure to become energy independent 
may jeopardize the environmental vic- 
tories won thus far. It was to inves- 
tigate these varied views and to gain 
insight into how people feel energy 
issues relate to environmental issues 
that we revised the 1980 question- 
naire. 
The analysis of the responses to 
these questions told us, first of all, 
that the people in our sample think 
in terms of systems. The many com- 
ments we received chiding us for of- 
fering simplistic choices or for de- 
manding single solutions to complex 
problems certainly suggest this inter- 
pretation. Asked at what level major 
problems related to the pollution and 
degradation of our air, water, and land 
can best be solved, the majority felt 
that we should “increasingly manage 
these problems as parts of complex 
systems on state, federal, and inter- 
national levels.” Half chose “lack of 
[a] coherent, effective national energy 
policy” as our main energy problem. 
We also saw' in the 1980 sample 
that there was a strong sentiment for 
turning to renewable energy resources. 
Nearly 90 percent of those who re- 
sponded to the questionnaire were in 
favor of movements promoting the de- 
velopment of solar technology, if not 
actually active in such movements (see 
table 3). In fact, even those who dis- 
approved of most other activist or- 
ganizations tended to support the solar 
energy movement. Furthermore, a full 
three-fourths of the sample agreed 
with the statement, “I think we are 
indeed running out of fossil-based fu- 
els.” 
In general, however, this sentiment 
did not seem to be linked to a desire 
to see alternative energy systems sup- 
plant more conventional ones. More 
than half the responses indicated that 
“integrating conventional fossil-fuel 
technologies and renewable-energy al- 
ternatives in both centralized and de- 
centralized, [and] large and small sys- 
tems” was the most desirable way to 
achieve a better, more adaptive energy 
future. The majority of the people who 
responded also felt that “improving 
communication to the public of scien- 
tific concepts and technological facts 
about nuclear and fossil-based fuels” 
would most effectively resolve current 
conflicts over energy development. 
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