In most forests, however, there is a 
limited amount of deadwood and bark 
that becomes available each year 
through wind breakage, shading out, 
fire, and attacks by animals and dis- 
ease. 
The usual way dead-tree insects 
maintain a diverse resource base is 
by using several species of host trees. 
Insects that breed in dead Douglas 
fir usually also use true firs and 
spruces; many occur in pines, hem- 
locks, and larches, some in cedars, 
and a few in broadleaf trees. Simi- 
larities in the insect faunas of dead 
trees can reflect not only morphologi- 
cal and chemical relationships but also 
the frequency with which different 
tree species live together in natural 
mixed stands. Insects with very poor 
mobility, such as the flightless long- 
horn beetle Plectrura, may be ex- 
pected to use a great variety of hosts. 
Species of insects that breed in only 
one species of tree show not only great 
mobility but also a tendency to attack 
very fresh or even living trees. Those 
insects that attack live trees have en- 
larged their resource base because 
they are no longer dependent on ex- 
ternal factors such as windstorms to 
produce a supply of dead material. 
These observations about the size and 
configuration of the ecological niches 
in dead trees are far from complete, 
but they at least give glimpses of an 
intricate order that is imposed even 
upon decomposition. 
What can be achieved by a study 
of the insect fauna of dead trees, what, 
that is, beyond an odd compulsion to 
hastily pick apart pieces of wood be- 
fore putting them on the campfire? 
One benefit is a more complete, much 
more balanced view of some insect 
pests that are normally only studied 
in the context of economic damage. 
Then there is considerable satisfaction 
in adding to our knowledge of insect 
fauna. It is very easy to obtain original 
information when looking at a com- 
munity as poorly known as the insects 
of dead trees; I have found un- 
described species of insects in Douglas 
fir in city parks in Seattle. Finally, 
there is a new vision of the deadwood 
in forest and woodlot, deadwood that 
is no longer the very symbol of un- 
productivity, but rather a complex, 
meticulous recycling station that de- 
posits minerals and humus on the 
ground, while pouring forth the stored 
energy of the tree in a swarm of or- 
ganisms indispensable to forest food 
chains. □ 
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• 1980 Dorsj. I 
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