The husband-and-wife team of 
Bernard Nietschmann and Judith 
Nietschmann has ranged far afield 
in pursuit of anthropological and geo- 
graphical studies. Mexico, Nicara- 
gua, Peru, the Cayman Islands, the 
Pacific, and Australia have been the 
sites of their fieldwork, much of it 
concerned with cultures based on 
marine subsistence economies. Their 
studies of the Torres Strait Islanders’ 
traditional knowledge of marine en- 
vironments and biota were begun in 
1976/77 and continued in 1980. Ber- 
nard is a professor of geography at 
the University of California at Berke- 
ley; Judith is a postdoctoral fellow 
in the Medical Anthropology Pro- 
gram at the University of California 
at San Francisco. The author of 
many articles for Natural History , 
Bernard most recently contributed 
“The Wind Caller,” which appeared 
in March 1977. 
A doctoral candidate in the De- 
partment of Zoology at the Univer- 
sity of Florida, Erik J. Bitterbaum 
(below, left) is completing a study 
on the comparative behavior of three 
species of swallows in the genus 
Progne. His work focuses on com- 
munication, with the objective of de- 
termining how vocal and physical 
displays function in the social be- 
havior of closely related species hav- 
ing known differences in morphology 
and biology. Some light may be shed 
on how social behavior has evolved 
in these species. During his fieldwork 
in Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, and 
Florida, Bitterbaum has become a 
purple martin fancier. 
Coauthor Charles R. Brown (be- 
low, right) is a senior at Austin Col- 
lege in Texas, and will begin grad- 
uate work in zoology in September. 
He became interested in purple mar- 
tins as a child when they occupied 
a backyard birdhouse installed by 
his father, and has followed the birds 
throughout Texas ever since. Brown, 
who began researching the breeding 
biology and behavior of purple mar- 
tins in 1972, published his first tech- 
nical paper on purple martins at the 
age of fourteen. Since then he has 
authored more than twenty papers 
on these birds. Species relationships 
among swallows will be the thrust 
of his future research. 
Deluxe edition S14 95 
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