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WILD 
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Name 
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Great vacations start 
with the Flying Finnish 
activities, still relate us to the animal 
world, although perhaps less directly 
than in East Africa, where the play- 
bomas teach children how to identify 
an almost unlimited variety of cattle 
and where dances in imitation of fight- 
ing bulls may serve to explore and 
resolve disputes between humans. 
Leapfrog is still with us, as is the 
ancient game of snakes and ladders. 
Right up to the present day the 
animal world has been kept at the 
forefront of our consciousness, as it 
was in the earliest times, by a body 
of mythology that has connected 
humans with beasts, deliberately blur- 
ring the lines of distinction. The 
Greeks, among many other peoples, 
suggested that gods mated with 
humans, resulting in creatures that 
were half human and half beast, and 
therefore semidivine. 
When we look at the Middle Ages 
in Europe, we get a better perspective 
on our ongoing involvement with ani- 
mal imagery, one that suggests that 
throughout history some human be- 
ings, at least, have seen animals as 
intermediaries, as vehicles to attaining 
a power exceeding that of ordinary 
mortals. Animal symbolism flourished 
in both the sacred and the secular 
worlds. While the Christian Son of 
God was portrayed as a lamb, the 
Antichrist was portrayed as the lamb’s 
cousin, the goat. The Devil was be- 
lieved to seduce both male and female 
while in the form of a goat rather 
than in human form, suggesting that 
in animal form he was even more pow- 
erful. Medieval court records overflow 
with the testimony of accused assert- 
ing that they had voluntary carnal re- 
lations with the Devil or one of his 
agents, who appeared in a remarkable 
diversity of animal forms. The con- 
junction of human and beast was be- 
lieved to lead to a creature of supra- 
natural rather than supernatural 
power, and some actively sought 
power in this way. 
Animals were tried alongside their 
human companions and not infre- 
quently executed with them. Just to 
keep a pet or feed a stray cat was 
often enough to warrant an accusation 
of consorting with the Devil, for the 
real intimacy that was feared was spir- 
itual, rot physical. Such intimacy led 
to a transfer of powers that, in the 
Middle Ages, was thought to result 
in evil, since the conjuction of human 
and beast had never been intended 
by the Divine Creator. Man was reach- 
ing too far, committing a blasphemy. 
32 
