James A. MacMahon 
In what was once a large meadow 
covered with huckleberry bushes, a 
lone spotted frog, right, rests next to 
a dying bush. To support this 
amphibian, the meadow must still 
have some permanent water source. 
Mammals, birds, and insects have 
left records of their wanderings in 
the ash and mud, below. Where the 
crust is hard, the tracks of large 
animals provide traps for seeds and 
suitable sites for germination. 
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John Marshall 
44 
