NATURAL 
HISTORY 
American Museum of Natural History 
Vol. 90. No. 7. July 1981 
Robert G. Goelet. President 
Thomas D. Nicholson. Director 
Alan Ternes. Editor 
Judith Friedman. Managing Editor 
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Board of Editors: 
Sally Lindsay. Frederick Hartmann. 
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Carol Breslin. Book Reviews Editor 
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Lillian Berger 
Editorial Advisers: 
Malcolm Arth. James W. Atz. 
Niles Eldredge. Kenneth L. Franklin, 
E. Craig Morris. Norman Newell. 
Thomas D. Nicholson, Martin Prinz. 
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Natural History (ISSN 0028-071 2). incorporating 
Nature Magazine, is published monthly by 
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2 Authors 
6 This View of Life Stephen Jay Gould 
What, if Anything, Is a Zebra? 
14 The Tourist as Pilgrim Colin Turnbull 
A Pilgrimage in India 
24 Sky Reporter Stephen P. Mar an 
Seeing Double and Seeing Triple 
30 Bios Robert E. Cook 
Plant Parenthood 
36 The Hole Shrimp Story Marjorie L. Reaka 
The aggressive mantis shrimps become reclusive softies during molting. 
44 Leave It to Beaver Photographs by Johnny Johnson 
In Alaska, summer is a time for these busy animals to 
prepare for winter. 
50 The Origin of High Andean Birds Franqois Vuilleumier 
To put together the pieces of this complex puzzle, the 
biologist must be a superdetective. 
57 July-December 1981 Poster-Calendar 
A handsome bonus for the readers of Natural History 
66 Winners of the 1981 Natural History Photographic Competition 
An eighteen-page portfolio of striking, often colorful images 
from our natural world, past and present. 
86 Books in Review Valerius Geist 
Nomads’ Best Friend 
90 Celestial Events Thomas D. Nicholson 
92 At the American Museum 
The Once and Future Museum 
98 Additional Reading 
100 A Matter of Taste Raymond Sokolov 
A Fish Story 
Cover: A female mosquito leaves the pupal stage and emerges from a marsh 
environment in Oxford, England. The photograph, one in a prizewinning se- 
quence in our 1981 Photographic Competition, was taken by G.I. Bernard. 
A portfolio of prizewinners begins on page 66. 
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I 
