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From the publisher of PARROTS OF THE WORLD 
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a leather-bound, boxed edition limited 
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Editions 
Announcing publication of 
Raymond Ching’s 
STUDIES AND SKETCHES 
OF A BIRD PAINTER 
criterion: when the beverage simply la- 
beled “tea” on the menu invariably 
comes iced.) H. L. Mencken, not known 
for words of praise, confessed (in sur- 
prise) his liking for Dayton: 
I had expected to find a squalid Southern 
village . . . with pigs rooting under the 
houses and the inhabitants full of hook- 
worm and malaria. What I found was a 
country town full of charm and even 
beauty. . . .The houses are surrounded by 
pretty gardens, with cool green lawns and 
stately trees. . . . The stores carry good 
stocks and have a metropolitan air, espe- 
cially the drug, book, magazine, sporting 
goods and soda-water emporium of the esti- 
mable Robinson. 
Some things have changed, of course. 
Trailers now rooted to their turf and 
houses of undressed concrete block re- 
flect the doubling of Dayton’s popula- 
tion to nearly 4,000. The older certain- 
ties may have eroded somewhat. A 
banner headline in this week’s Dayton 
Herald tells of a $200-million ma.ijuana 
crop confiscated and destroyed in Rhea 
and neighboring Bledsoe counties. And 
a quarter gets you a condom — “sold for 
the prevention of disease only,” of 
course — at vending machines in rest- 
rooms of local service stations. At least 
they can’t blame evolution for this, as 
one evangelical minister did a few 
months back when he cited Darwin as 
primary supporter of the four “p’s”: 
prostitution, perversion, pornography, 
and permissiveness. They taught crea- 
tionism in Dayton before John Scopes 
arrived, and they teach it today. 
For all these muted changes, Dayton 
remains a two-street town, dwarfed at 
the crossroad by the Rhea County court- 
house, a Renaissance Revival building 
of the 1890s seemingly too large by half 
for a small town in a small county. Yet 
even this courtroom failed in its moment 
of glory, as Judge Raulston, noting that 
the weight of humanity had opened 
cracks in the ceiling below, reconvened 
his court on the side lawn, where Dar- 
row grilled Bryan alfresco. (It is a mean- 
ingless and tangential irony to be sure, 
but I thought I’d mention it: I don’t 
know how Rhea County got its name. 
Rhea was the daughter of Uranus and 
the mother of Zeus. Her name also 
applies to the South American “os- 
trich.” On the Beagle voyage, Darwin 
rediscovered a second species, the lesser, 
or Darwin’s, rhea, living in a different 
part of South America. In one of his 
first evolutionary speculations, Darwin 
surmised that the spatial difference be- 
tween these two rheas might be analo- 
gous to the temporal distinction between 
extinct species and their living rela- 
tives.) 
The Scopes trial is surrounded by 
misconceptions, and their exposure pro- 
vides as good a way as any for recount- 
ing the basic story. In the heroic version, 
John Scopes was persecuted, Darrow 
rose to Scopes’s defense and smote the 
antediluvian Bryan, and the antievolu- 
tion movement then dwindled or ground 
to at least a temporary halt. All three 
parts of this story are false. 
For the first, we have already noted 
that Austin Peay and the legislators of 
Tennessee did not intend to enforce 
their law. In fact, Bryan himself had 
lobbied the legislature (unsuccessfully) 
with advice that the act prescribe no 
penalty at all for noncompliance. It was, 
after all, only a symbolic statement; any 
teeth in the act might lead to its upset on 
constitutional grounds. The ACLU ad- 
vertised in Tennessee papers for a test 
case. George Rappelyea read their offer 
in the Chattanooga Times and moseyed 
on down to Robinsons’ with his plan. 
Later, John Scopes remembered: “It 
was just a drugstore discussion that got 
past control.” For once, the tale of out- 
side (even Yankee) agitators tells at 
least a half-truth. 
Bryan was vanquished and embar- 
rassed during the trial, but not primarily 
by Darrow. The trial itself, with its 
foregone conclusion, was something of a 
bore. (Scopes had violated the law and 
the defense wanted a quick conviction 
for an advantageous move to a higher 
court.) It dragged on in interminable 
legal wrangling and had only two mo- 
ments of high drama. The first occurred 
during a legal argument about the ad- 
missibility of expert testimony. The de- 
fense had brought to Dayton an impres- 
sive array of men prominent both in 
evolutionary biology and Christian con- 
viction. The prosecution urged that their 
testimony be excluded. The law plainly 
forbade the teaching of human evolu- 
tion, and Scopes just as plainly had 
violated the law. The potential truth of 
evolution was not an issue. Judge Raul- 
ston agreed with the prosecution, and 
the assembled experts took to their type- 
writers instead. With benefit of a week- 
end recess to hone their statements, the 
experts produced some formidable doc- 
uments. They were printed in newspa- 
pers throughout the country, and Judge 
Raulston finally did admit them into the 
printed record of the trial. 
Bryan, who had sat in uncharacteris- 
tic silence for several days, used this 
procedural argument as a springboard 
for his prepared excoriation of evolu- 
14 
