26 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
by the entire group of Phceosporece , while within the genus Ecto- 
carpus the relative size of the spores issuing from the unilocular 
and plurilocular sporangia need not be regarded as of more than 
specific value, for it seems contrary to nature to separate 
generically such species as E. secundus and Ect. granulosus. 
In the same paper notes are given on Ect. globifer , Kuetz, 
which proves to be the same species subsequently named by the 
Crouans E. insignis , and by Keutzing himself E. pusillus, although 
a very different plant from the one Mrs. Griffiths described under 
the same name ; Ect. crinitus, Carm., probably identical with E. 
pusillus , Griff*., which has similar plurilocular sporangia ; PLaplo- 
spora Vidovichii, Born., identical with Hanck’s Ect. crinitus , and 
on the- antheridia of Tilopteris Mertensii. 
Note sur V Ostracoblable implexa , Born, et Flah. By E. Bornet 
(“ Journal de Bot.,” Dec., 1891). — In their paper on the plants 
living in the shells of molluscs ( u Bull, dela Soc. Bot. de France,” 
xxxxi., 1889), MM. Bornet and Flahault describe under the name 
Ostracoblable implexa a plant which in the absence of fructifica- 
tion they took to be a fungus. In the present paper Dr. Bornet 
states that further researches have convinced him that the fila- 
ments described in the paper just quoted are really the hypa? of 
the gonidial layer of Verrucaria consequens , Nye, the algal portion 
of which is composed of Mastigocoleus testarum and Hyella 
ccespitosa. The hypm of V. consequens are, therefore, capable 
under certain conditions of living in an isolated condition without 
uniting with an alga to form a lichen. It is probable that Litho- 
pythium gangliiforme is also the hypal portion of a lichen, but at 
present Dr. Bornet has not been able to definitely prove this. 
On the structure and development of the cystocarp of Catenella 
Opuntia , Grev. By B. J. Harvey Gibson, “ Journ. Linn. Soc.,” 
xxix., 1892. — The cystocarps of C. Opuntia are borne on the 
erect branches and are immersed in their substance, the fertile 
branches are then nearly spherical and surrounded by a hyaline 
border. Each fertile ramulus consists of a small medulla of short, 
interwoven, almost colourless cells, round which and connected 
with it are rows of branching cells that form the reticulum 
which gradually merges into the coloured cortical layer ; numerous 
carpogenic systems arise from the cells of the branches imme- 
diately below the cortical layer, through which they penetrate and 
appear on the surface as delicate colourless hairs. After fertiliza- 
tion the uppermost of the central row of cells enlarges, and from 
it and the liypse surrounding it are given off* rows of carpospores. 
Though the trichophoric systems are very numerous only one 
cystocarp is produced. The author considers that fertilization is 
indirect ; for instead of the carpospores being produced from cells 
immediately beneath the trichogyne they are developed in chains 
from the medullary network of cells continuous with that from 
which the trichophoric cells and trichogynia arise. 
