BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
27 
On the cystocarps of some species of Callophyllis and Rhody- 
menia. By J. B. Carruthers, “ Journ. Linn. Soc.,” xxix., 1892. 
— In her paper on the cystocarps of Callophyllis laciniata, Kuetz. 
(“ Linn. Journ.,” xxxiii., p. 205-208), Miss Smith states that 
her investigation led her to the conclusion that to each fruit 
there are numerous procarps, many of which become fertilized, the 
results being not a simple cystocarp, but a group of cystocarps. 
Furthermore she states that the procarp divides up by walls 
parallel or at right angles to each other into a mass of large cells, 
which divide again in all directions to form the spores. 
According to Carruthers, however, the cystocarp of Callophyllis 
is a simple body. From the procarp, probably, originates the 
fertile cell rows of the gonimoblast, which grow as thin filaments 
through the interstitial tissues between the large cells of the 
young fruit nucleus, and form, with these interstitial cells and 
rhizodes, a compact filamentous interweaving. In this filamentous 
tissue at different points small cavities appear, from the sides of 
which arise numerous short lateral, simple or dichotomous 
branches, at the base of which clusters of cells, finally transformed 
into spores, are formed. 
Phycological Memoirs (edited by George Murray). — The first 
part contains the following : — 
On Splachnidium rugosum , Grev., the type of a new order of 
Algce. Margaret 0. Mitchell and Frances G. Whitting. — The 
leading feature of the new order is based on the supposition that 
the sporangia are non* sexual and contain zoospores, a supposi- 
tion that less enthusiastic algologists have not ventured to affirm 
from an examination of dried or spirit material. 
On a fossil alga belonging to the genus Caulerpa from the oolite. 
George Murray. — The new species is called Caulerpa Carruth&rsii. 
The reiterated statement that the fossil in question may not be an 
alga after all shows that the author is not dogmatic ; but then, 
why create a new species ? 
On the structure of Dictyosphoeria Decne . George Murray .—-The 
mass of cells constituting an individual are shown to be held 
together by tenacula, agreeing with those described in Struvea , 
Boodlea, etc., by the same author. In D. favulosa there is an 
aggregation of similar cells held together by tenacula, and not 
forming a definite frond. This is considered as illustrating the 
most reduced form of siphoneous thallus. 
On Malformations of Ascophyllum and Desmarestia. Ethel S. 
Barton. — This may be considered as a continuation of the subject 
commenced in Journ. Bot., March, 1891. In Ascophyllum nodosum , 
the malformations consist of round swellings or lumps, forming a 
corrugated surface in the vicinity of the air-vesicles. The swell- 
ings are caused by a nematode, which proved to be new to science 
— Tylenchus fucicolus De Man and Barton. — In Desmarestia 
aculeata the galls are caused by a copepod ; species not deter- 
mined. 
