NEW OR CRITICAL BRITISH ALGjE. 
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violet, gentian-violet, or methyl-green acidulated with acetic-acid. 
After this treatment the canals can be studied with comparative 
ease. In the growing portion of the thallus situated at the base 
of the lamina and the apex of the stipe no canals are present. 
They first make their appearance in the form of lenticular cavities 
in the cells of the epidermal layer of the thallus immediately 
adjacent to that point. These cavities become pushed into the 
cortical tissue, and at their base small secreting cells are formed. 
The mucus cavities then put out anastomosing branches, which 
finally form a connected net-work stretching both into the stipe 
and lamina. 
On the Structure and Development of the Chylocladiese (Flora, 
lxxv., 1892, pp. 307-67, 2 Pis.). — Herr P. Hauptfleisch, in this 
rather elaborate paper, deals with the structure, development, 
and reproduction of the Chylocladiece, a family containing only 
three genera, Chylocladia, Champia , and Lomentaria, all of which 
are very similar both in vegetative Structure and reproductive 
organs. The distinguishing marks of the genera, as given by the 
author, are in Lomentaria the thallus is destitute of diaphragms, 
and the tetraspores occupy small cavities hollowed out in the 
cortex, while the fronds of the other two genera have cellular 
diaphragms and the tetraspores are scattered. As a further mark 
between Champia and Chylocladia , Herr Hauptfleisch mentions 
that the “ lobes ” of the cystocarps in the former are multicellular, 
while in the latter they are unicellular. 
Conjugation of Orthoneis binotata , Grunow. (Journal of the 
Quekett Microscopical Club, Vol. v., ser. ii., July, 1892). 
Mr. T. H. Buffham describes (Z.c.) a very curious case of the 
conjugation of a diatom, the frustule of which is contained in a 
hyaline, gelatinous mass (for which the author proposes the name 
“ periglcea ”) of hemispherical form with two long lateral horns 
(“ tenaculoids ”). The mode of conjugation is thus described: 
“ A frustule which has completed, or almost reached, the stage of 
self-division, and is only 23 p long, has a bulbous addition to the 
upper part of its periglcea, into which the double frustule rises. 
This speedily enlarges into a perfectly spherical sporangium of 
75 p diameter. The frustules occupy the centre of this, and then 
the lower one imparts its endochrome to the upper one. This 
upper frustule then divides and forms two masses of endochrome, 
which develop into two sporangial frustules of exactly double 
the length and width of the parent. One valve of the mother 
frustule is closely applied to the upper side of the upper 
sporangial frustule, and the other valve to the lower side of the 
lower frustule. The old lower frustule— which, perhaps, we must 
not call the male — is usually seen as two clear valves slightly 
separated and lying nearly vertically to its old position.” 
In connection with this account of the conjugation of Orthoneis 
binotata I may mention a curious fact. When examining some 
specimens of Calothrix confervicola , gathered many years ago at 
