The Runner^ Jig, 28. (sarmentum of Fuchs and Linnaeus), 
is a prostrate filiform stem, forming at its extremity roots and 
a young plant, which itself gives birth to new runners, as in 
the Strawberry. Rightly considered, it is a prostrate vivipa- 
rous scape, that is to say, a scape which produces roots and 
leaves instead of flowers. It has been called Jlagellum by some 
modern botanists, but that term properly applies to the trail- 
ing shoots of the vine. 
The Sucker, Jig. 30. [sur cuius), is a branch which proceeds 
from the neck of a plant beneath the surface, and becomes 
erect as soon as it emerges from the earth, immediately pro- 
ducing leaves and branches, and subsequently roots from 
its base, as in Rosa spinosissima, and ’many other plants. 
Link applies the term soholes to this form of stem. From 
this has been distinguished by some botanists the Stole [stolo], 
which may be considered the reverse of the sucker, differing 
in proceeding from the stem above the surface of the earth, 
into which it afterwards descends and takes root, as in Aster 
junceus ; but there does not appear to be any material distinc- 
tion between them. Will denow confines the term sur cuius to 
the creeping stems of Mosses. By the older botanists a sucker 
was always understood by the word stolo, and surculus indi- 
cated a vigorous young shoot without branches. 
The shoots thrown up from the subterranean part of the 
stem of Monocotyledonous plants, as the Pineapple for ex- 
ample (the Adnata, Adnascentia, or Appendices of Fuchsius), 
are of the nature of suckers. 
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