CHAP. II. 
CALYX. 
165 
[Introduction to the Natural System, p. 26.), ‘‘ sometimes a 
peculiar extension or hollowing out of the apex of the pedicel, 
of which we see an, example in Eschscholtzia, and of which 
Rosa and Calycanthus, and, perhaps, all supposed tubes with- 
out apparent veins, may also be instances.” And if this be 
so, the calyx may be superior in consequence of the cohesion 
of the ovary with the inside of an excavated pedicel, and not 
with the calyx itself. 
When the sepals cohere by their contiguous edges into a 
kind of tube or cup, the calyx is said to be monopliyllous ; an 
inaccurate term, which originated when the real nature of 
organs was unknown, and when a monophyllous calyx was 
thought to consist really of a single leaf, clipped into teeth at 
its margin. To avoid this inaccuracy, the word gamosepalous 
has been proposed. That the sepals are originally all dis- 
tinct is not a matter of theory, but, as Schleiden rightly 
observes, of investigation to be established by actual evi- 
dence. 
Various terms are employed to express the degree in 
which the sepals of a monophyllous calyx cohere : they will 
be explained in Glossology. When no cohesion whatever 
takes place between the leaves of a calyx, the term sepalous is 
employed with that Greek numeral prefixed, which is equiva- 
lent to the number of pieces; as, for example, if they are two, 
the calyx is disepalous ; if three, trisepalous ; if four, tetra- 
sepalous, and so on. 
Sometimes the calyx has certain expansions or dilatations, 
as in Scutellaria and Salsola. These are generally named 
appendages, and such a calyx is said to be appendiculate ; but 
Moench has proposed a particular term for them, peraphyllam, 
which is, however, never used. 
M 
