178 
ORGANOGRAPHY. 
BOOK I. 
tion of dehiscence, caused by the adhesion of the valvTS to each 
other at the usual line of fissure, and their separation from 
the connective. It is not therefore quite correct to say that 
the dehiscence of Rhizophora bears no obvious relation to in- 
ternal structure ; it is of the same nature as that of Lauraceae, 
Berberaceae, &c., and is analogous to the disarticulation of 
the valves of Brassicaceous plants. 
The cells of the anther have frequently little appendages, 
as in different species of Erica, when they resemble setae, 
aristae, or crests. (Plate III. fig. 29.) 
The anthers are attached to the filament either by their 
base, when they are called innate (Plate III. fig. 27. 21. 23.), 
or by their back, when they are adnate (Plate III. fig. 13.), 
or by a single point of the connective from which they lightly 
swing: in the latter case they are said to be versatile. This 
form is common to all true Grasses. 
When the line of dehiscence is towards the pistil, the 
anthers are called by Brown anticce^ but by other botanists 
introrsce^ or turned inwards : when the line is towards the 
petals, they are said by Brown to be posticce^ and by other 
botanists to be extrorsce, or turned outwards. 
The connective is usually continuous with the filament, 
and terminates just at the apex of the anther; but in some 
plants, as Compositae, it is articulated with the filament 
(Plate IV. fig. 5.). In others it is lengthened far beyond the 
apex (Plate IV. fig. 6. 9.), now into a kind of crest, as in many 
Zingiberaceae ; now into a sort of horn, as in Asclepiadaceae ; 
now into a kind of secreting cup-like body articulated w'ith the 
apex, as in Adenostemon. Very frequently it is enlarged in 
various ways. For cases of this kind, see Plates III. and IV. 
Its being sometimes two-lobed, or forked, has been already 
noticed (Plate IV. fig. 7.). The lining of the anther has 
received particular illustration from Purkinje, who calls it 
endothecium, and who has found that it consists of that very 
remarkable kind of tissue, wdiich has been already described 
under the name of fibro-cellular. According to that botanist 
the forms of this tissue are extremely variable, the vesicles 
being sometimes oblong, sometimes round, frequently cylin- 
drical, usually fully developed, or, in some cases, merely 
