240 
ORGANOGRAPHY. 
BOOK I. 
XXV. Cypsela. (Akena, N^ecker ; Akenium, Rich.’, Cypsela, Mirb. •, Ste- 
phanoum, Desv.) Jig. 149. 150. 
One-seeded, one-celled, indehiscent, with the integuments of the seed not 
cohering with the endocarpium ; in the ovarium state evincing its compound 
nature by the presence of two or more stigmata ; but nevertheless unilocular 
and having but one ovulum. Such is the true structure of the Achenium ; 
but as that term is often applied to the simple superior fruits, called Nux by 
Linnaeus, I have thought it better, in order to avoid confusion, to adopt the 
name Cypsela. 
Examples. All Compositae. 
XXVI. Cremocarpium. (Cremocarpium, Mirb. ; Polakenium, or Pentake- 
nium. Rich. I Carpadelium, Desv.) jig. 155. 160, 161. 
Two- to five-celled, inferior; ceils one-seeded, indehiscent, dry, perfectly 
close at all times ; when ripe separating from a common axis. M. Mirbel 
confines the application of Cremocarpium to Umbelliferas : but it is better to 
let it apply to all fruits which will come within the above definition. It will 
then be the same as Richard’s Polakenium, excluding those forms in which the 
fruit is superior. The latter botanist qualifies his term Polakenium according 
to the number of cells of the fruit : thus when there are two cells it is diakenium, 
three triakenium, and so on. M. De Candolle calls the half of the fruit of 
Umbelliferae mericarp. 
Examples. Umbelliferae, Aralia, Galium. 
XXVII. Diplotegia. ( Diplotegia, ) 
One- or many-celled, many-seeded, inferior, dry, usually bursting either by 
pores or valves. This differs from the capsule only in being adherent to the 
calyx. 
Examples. Campanula, Leptospermum. 
B. Pericarpium fleshy. 
XXVIII. PoMUM. Apple, or Rome. (Melonidium, ; Pyridium, ; 
Pyrenarium, Desvaux ; Antrum, Mcench.) Jig. 167. 
Two or more celled, few-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, fleshy ; the seeds dis- 
tinctly enclosed in dry cells, with a bony or cartilaginous lining, formed by the 
cohesion of several ovaria with the sides of the fleshy tube of a calyx, and some- 
times with each other. These ovaria are called parietal by M. Richard. Some 
forms of Nuculanium and this differ only in the former being distinct from the 
calyx. 
Examples. Apple, Cotoneaster, Crattegus. 
XXIX. Pepo. (Peponida, Rich.) 
One-celled, many-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, fleshy ; the seeds attached to 
parietal pulpy placentae. This fruit has its cavity frequently filled at maturity 
with pulp, in which the seeds are embedded; their point of attachment is, how- 
ever, never lost. The cavity is also occasionally divided by folds of the 
placenta into spurious cells, which has given rise to the belief that in Pepo ma- 
crocarpus there is a central cell, which is not only untrue but impossible. 
Examples. Cucumber, Melon, Gourd. 
XXX. Bacca. Berry. (Bacca, L. ; Acrosarcum, Desvaux.) Jig. 162. 
Many-celled, many-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, pulpy; the attachment of 
