268 
ORGANOGRAPHY. 
BOOK I. 
much in the same way as pollen. When they germinate they 
produce capillary, articulated, green, branched threads, re- 
sembling Confervae ; and the leaves eventually appear from 
the axils of such branches. 
From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that 
the organs of reproduction of Mosses cannot be compared 
strictly to the parts of fertilisation of perfect plants. I must' 
not, however, omit the opinion of other botanists upon this 
subject. The office of males has been supposed by Micheli 
to be performed by the paraphyses ; by Linnaeus and Dille- 
nius, by the sporangia; by Palisot de Beauvois, by the 
sporuies ; by Hill, by the peristomium ; by Kbelreuter, by 
the calyptra ; by Gsertner, by the operculum ; and, finally, 
Hedwig has supposed the males to be the antheridia. The 
female organs were thought by Dillenius and Linnaeus to be 
assemblages of antheridia; by Micheli and Hedwig, the 
young sporangia ; and, by Palisot de Beauvois, the columella. 
For some suggestions as to the analogy that is borne 
between the organs of Mosses and those of other plants, see 
Morphology hereafter, and Endlicher’s Genera Plantarum. 
6. Jungermanniacece and Hepaticce, 
These differ remarkably from each other in the modifica- 
tions of their organs of reproduction, while they have a 
striking resemblance in their vegetation. This latter, which 
bears the name of frond or thnllus, is either a leafy branched 
tuft, as in Mosses, with the cellular tissue particularly large, 
and the leaves frequently furnished with lobes, and appen- 
dages at the base, called stipul<je or amphigastria ; or it is a 
flat lobed mass of green vegetable matter lying upon the 
ground. 
In Jungermannia, that part which is most obviously con- 
nected with the reproduction of the plant, and which bears 
an indisputable analogy to the theca of Mosses, is a valvular 
brown case, called the capsule or conceptacle (sporangium or 
sporocarpium) , elevated upon a wffiite cellular tender seta, 
and originating in a hollow sheath or perichnetium arising 
among the leaves. This conceptacle contains a number of 
