CHAP. VIII. 
FERTILISATION. 
347 
embryo, as already described, easily establishes the analogy of 
Phanerogamous plants and those Cryptogamic plants in which 
the spores are evident conversions of the cellular tissue of 
the foliaceous organs or leafy expansions ; for the same part 
furnishes the groundwork of a new plant in both groups, and 
the only difference existing between the two is this ; in Pha- 
nerogams a previous formative process in the interior of the 
plant precedes a period of latent vegetation, whilst in 
Cryptogams the spore (the grain of pollen) developes itself as 
a plant without previous preparation. Difficulties nevertheless 
occur here in the consideration of Mosses and Hepatics, and 
more particularly in the enigmatical Marsileaces. It appears 
to me, however, that in this last-named family especially, there 
still remains much to be observed.” 
The opinion of Endlicher is to a certain extent that of 
Schleiden ; that is to say, he considers what we call pollen 
analogous to the spores of Cryptogamic plants, and consequently 
the anther a female organ, whose contents perform an act 
similar to that of germination, when they fall upon the stigma; 
he does not, however, with Schleiden, assign a male influence 
to the sac of the amnios, but he attributes that property to 
the stigmatic papillm, wffiose moisture lubricates the grains of 
pollen when they fall upon them.* I know of no one else 
who maintains this last opinion ; but it deserves to be noted 
that Morren observed a circulating movement (he calls it 
cyclosis) in the fluid filling the papillae of Cereus grandiflorus 
at the period of impregnation. 
One of the most curious consequences of the presence of 
* See Grundzuge einer neuen Theorie der PJlanzenzeigung. Professor 
Wydler of Berne, also, insists upon the pollen being the female apparatus, 
and he denies that plants have two sexes. {Recherches sur P Ovule, ^c.,des 
Sci'ofidaires.^ These speculations have all arisen out of the undoubted 
fact, that the developement of spores and pollen grains takes place in the 
same manner, and that there is considerable resemblance in their final 
structure. This was, I think, first noticed by Mohl ( Ueber die Entwick- 
lung der Sporen, 4'c.), in 1833 ; Mirbel, in 1835, stated that there was a 
marvellous resemblance between these parts (A7in. Sc., n.s., iv. 9.) ; Morren 
declares that the spore is organised like a grain of pollen (Anal, des Jun- 
germa^in. p. 10.); and, finally, Wydler admits a great analogy between the 
formation of pollen and the spores of many foliaceous cryptogamic plants. 
