CHAP. II. 
OF DESCRIPTIONS. 
519 
cavitate granula parva natant ; prope mammillam embryo 
sub forma globuli sphaerici primum visus est. 
‘‘ Fructus subsphaericus, liber vel calyce adnato plus minusve 
tectus ; pericarpium exteriiis carnosum, drupaceum, spon- 
giosum vel siccum tenuissimum ; interius (endocarpium) 
fibrosum, durum, plus minusve crassum ; aut lignosum inde- 
hiscens, nucem 2-3-locularem (seu abortu unilocularem), seu 
nuculas 2 — 8 distinctas efformans ; aut crustaceum dehiscens, 
capsulam tricoccam producens, coccis interius et inferius rima 
longitudinali dehiscentibus. 
“ Semen in quolibet loculo solitarium, erectum, sessile vel 
podospermio brevi cupulaeformi suffultum. Testa laevissima, 
fusca, fibrosa, Crustacea vel membranacea (in fructibus lignosis, 
ex. gr. Zizyphis), raphe laterali interius notata, vel raphe dor- 
sal!, sulco profundo exterior! inclusa super! usque testam per- 
forante, praedita (in Rhamnis). Chalaza^ ut in ovulo. Nucleum 
membrana propria, libera vel testae subadhaerente, inclusum. 
Fmdospermium carnosum, flavescens, cellulosum, lateribus 
embryonis applicatum. Embryo magnus, semini subcon- 
formis, sed magis compressus, flavescens vel virescens, cotyle- 
donibus planis applicatis, carnosis ; radicula brevi inferL 
“ Arbores, frutices vel suffrutices, ramulis in plurihus spine^ 
scentihus. Folia simplicia^ alterna, suhopposita, vel rarius exactd 
opposita {in Colletiis), penninervia vel triplinervia, sparsa vel 
suhdisticha, hasi scepius bistipidaia^ stipulis parvis^ caducis vel 
spinescentihus et persistentibus {in Zizyphis, Paliuro). Flores 
axillareSi solitarii^ fasciculati, umbellati, vel cymosi^ rarius 
spicati, in spicis simplicibus vel interruptis {ramulis nudis)^ 
glomeratim dispositi {in Sageretia, Gouania, Ventilagine), in 
quibusdam paniculas terminales efformantes {in Ceanotho, Ber- 
chemia, Pomaderri), vel glomerati seu capitati {in Cryptandra, 
Phylica, &c.).” 
As an instance of a somewhat different mode of describing 
an order, the following natural character of AiviARANTACEiE, by 
the learned Dr. Von Martins, may be studied with advantage: 
it exhibits the manner in which characters are valued by the 
Botanists of Germany : — 
“ Flores hermaphroditi, raro diclines : dioici aut abortu 
L L 4 
