ASPIDIUM SPINULOSUM, Swartz. 
Spinulose or Common Wood-Fern. 
Aspidium SPINULOSUM : — Root-stock stout, assurgent, 
chaffy, covered with imbricated stalk-bases ; stalks a span to 
a foot and a half long, chaffy, the scales rather large, ovate, 
pointed, ferruginous, brown or brown with a dark eentral spot ; 
fronds one to three feet long, all alike, forming a crown, 
firmly membranaceous, half-evergreen, ovate to ovate-oblong, 
twice to thrice pinnate ; primary pinnae mostly short-stalked, 
Ihe lowest pair triangular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, broad- 
est on the lower side, rather remote from the next pair, the 
remaining pinnae gradually narrower in outline and less 
distant ; secondary rachises very narrowly wing-margined ; 
pinnules oblong, sub-aeute, pinnate or pinnately incised with 
oblong obtuse spinulose-serrate lobes ; sori rather small, borne 
on the back of the free veins or either apical or dorsal on 
the veinlets; indusium flat, delicate, round-reniform, either 
smooth or glandular. 
Aspidium spimclosum, Swartz, in Schraders Journal (1800) ii., p. 38; 
Syn. Fil., p. 54. — Hooker, Brit. FI., ed. i., p. 444; FI. Bor.- 
Am., ii., p. 261. — Gray, Manual, ed. ii., p. 597 (excl. var. 
Boottii ). — Milde, Fil. Eur. et Atl., p.‘ 132. 
