THE ROSE. 
205 
also includes the southern parts of the United States of America in the southern hemi- 
sphere, New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, the south of Chili, and the country south ol 
Buenos Ayres as far as Patagonia. 
Begion IV. — The region of Evergreen Dicotyledonous trees. It generally possesses a 
most delightful climate, a mean temperature of 63° Fahr., and an abundant supply of 
water. 
Zone V. — The colder Temperate Zone extends from 45° to 58° lat. In Europe it 
commences on the northern side of the mountain chains of the south of Europe. In Asia, 
it embraces the Caucasus, a great part of the Ural Mountains, the Altai and Daurian 
chains, and continues to the shores of the Pacific. Sitka on the Western coast of America, 
and in the Southern hemisphere the Falkland Isles, belong to this zone. 
Region V. — This is the region of Dicotyledonous trees. It is sufficient to quote the 
statement that its vegetation corresponds with that of the colder temperate zone. 
Zones VI. to VIII., and Regions VI. to VIII. — embrace the remaining districts above 
58° lat., and the altitudes corresponding thereto. The scale is now turned; many of the 
plants of these districts require to be sheltered from the heat, and sometimes the moisture, 
rather than from the cold of our climate. 
THE ROSE. 
Pliny, in his natural history when treating of the Rose, in a great measure follows the 
account given by Theophrastus. He gives the same characters for distinguishing Roses as 
have been mentioned above, by his predecessor. 
The Rose, says Pliny, grows upon a thorny rather than an herbaceous plant. It grows 
also upon a plant similar to a Bramble. Then it has an agreeable fragrance, but not per- 
ceptible at any great distance. The whole flower sprouts at first enclosed in a calyx full 
of seeds, which in a short time swells and becomes pointed at the summit, and resembles 
green alabastri or small vessels used for holding perfumery. Gradually the flower opens 
and expands itself, containing in the centre of its calyx the erect yellow stamina. He 
then proceeds to enumerate eleven kinds of Roses, which he says were well known to the 
Romans. They are the following : Rosa Prsenestina, Pt. Campana, R. Milesia, R. Tra- 
chinia, R. Alabandica, R. spineola, R. centifolia, R. Graeca, R. Graecula, R. Moscheuton, 
R. coroneola. 
Four other kinds are mentioned by Pliny in different parts of his work before men- 
tioned, but of these he gives no description, they do not appear to have been in such high 
repute as those classified by him as above, though esteemed somewhat for their medicinal 
virtues. The Idnds thus mentioned are U. alba, pallida, praecox, spinosa, sylvestris and 
quinquefolia. 
The eleven Roses more especially noticed by Pliny, were probably those commonly 
employed by the Roman people. 
Of the first two of these eleven Roses, the Campanian was the earliest in flower, and 
the Prsenestina the first which ceased blowing. 
The Milesian rose was of a very bright colour, and had not more than twelve petals : 
it was the latest which came into blossom. 
The Trachinian Rose was less red than the Milesian. 
The Alabandic Rose inclined to whiteness, and was less esteemed than the above. 
The R. spineola consisted of a large number of very small petals, and was the least 
esteemed of all. 
The R. centifolia had many small petals. 
The R. Graeca was not truly a Rose, but a plant known to the Greeks under the name 
of Lychnis, and is mentioned by Dioscorides as the Lychnis coronaria. It is generally con- 
sidered to have been a species of our present genus Lychnis, or Rose-campion. The 
