GARDENING AS A SCIENCE. 
227 
water at the head will be 13 feet, while its greatest depth at present has only been 
2 feet 6 inches. 
When His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia visited this country, the 
works were not completed ; but additional hands were immediately employed 
(working night and day), so that by temporary means the great fountain might be 
played before His Majesty, had he visited Chatsworth. His Majesty did not 
visit Chatsworth ; but the great fountain has been named 44 The Emperor,” in 
honour of His Majesty’s visit to England. When it was known that the Emperor 
'did not intend visiting Chatsworth, the workmen laid aside the temporary matter, 
and immediately brought to a close this extensive work, the formation and com- 
pletion of which has occupied but little more than half a year. 
Several improvements have recently been made in the other fountains at Chats- 
worth. The 44 Sea-horse pond ” has been provided with a beautiful new fountain, 
where nine jets may be played at once, the centre jet rising above the others, and 
the whole forming an elegant figure. On either side of the great fountain there 
are fan fountains, which discharge the water in a singular manner. The west 
front fountain has been improved by tazzas, and double-acting supply pipes — one 
pipe being within the other, supplied from different sources. The 44 sea gods” 
have also been improved by water-pipes. 
There has, within a short period, been laid down at Chatsworth for the 
purpose of fountains, piping of various sizes to the extent of 6,200 feet in 
length ! 
GARDENING AS A SCIENCE. 
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY.— No. X. 
The organic structure of plants, the functions of the several organs, and the 
chemical components of vegetable products, have been traced in our former articles; 
and it now remains to direct attention to the Philosophy of Nutrition — a subject 
which has been involved in much perplexity, and still admits of great difference of 
opinion. 
It is our intention to make it appear that great light has been obtained 
by the discoveries of modern chemists ; and to effect this object, we must adduce 
various authorities which bear upon the inquiry, and compare them with the 
opinions formerly entertained, and with the real facts resulting from actual 
observation. 
As plants of all descriptions are connected with the ground by their roots (and 
in this general assertion we include also those cultivated in pots), it was naturally 
inferred that they derived their nourishment entirely from the soil ; and this, with 
the more apparent reason, since it was self-evident that the destruction of the roots 
implied that of the entire plant. But that this opinion was too hastily formed, 
