APPENDIX. 
543 
Natural Orders .] 
ofthe seed, whether general or partial, is never found in the Dicotyledo- 
nous orders with m on< > pe talon s (lowers , seems to have determined Jussieu* 
and other French botanists to remove Polygala, remarkable for its carun- 
cula umbilicalis, from Rhinanlhacere with which they had placed it, and 
to consider it, along with some nearly related genera, as forming a distinct 
polypetalous order. They appear to me however, not to have taken so cor- 
rect a view of the structure of its Corolla as Adanson,h who very justly ob- 
serves that both in this genus and Sccuridaca, which he rightly associates 
with it, the apparently monopetalous corolla is made up of three petals, 
united by means ofthe cohering filaments, the external sutures remaining 
visible; but Adanson himself has not observed the minute rudiments of 
two additional petals in Securidaca, the existence and position of which 
assist in explaining the nature of the irregularity in Polygala, where no 
such rudiments are found, but in which the corolla is in every other respect 
very similar. A much nearer approach to regularity, however, takes place 
in an unpublished genus, having 5 petals, which, though irregular, are of 
nearly equal size and similarly connected by the cohering filaments, likewise 
5 in number. The essential characters ofthe order Polygalea; to which Kra- 
mer ia, Monnina, Salomonia, and several unpublished genera also belong, 
consist in the hypogynous insertion of its corolla, which is always irregular, 
and frequently reduced to 3 petals, connected together by the cohering 
filaments, whose anther® are simple and bursting only at the top. 
About 30 species of this order are found in Terra Australis ; these 
are either ComespermBeor Polygalse, with a single species of Salomonia of 
liolis 2 Iateralibus interioribus majoribus quandoque petaloideis; reliquorum duobus 
anterioribus (respectu spiese) tertio postico. Petala 3-5, mediante tubo stamineoconnexa, 
raro distineta- Stamina hypogyna, 8 (nunc 3-4 vel 5) : filamentis intern^ connatis in 
tubulum bine apertem inde petala connectentem : Ant her m simplices, basi insert®, ppro 
api c is dehiscentes. Ovarium 2-loc. (quandoque 1-3 loc.) ovulis solitariis pendulis : Stylus 
1 . Stigma saepe bilabiatum. Pericarpium sspius capsulare, biloculare, bivalve, valvis 
medio septigeris : nunc Drupavel Samara. 1 -2-sperm. Semina pendula, umbilico (in cap- 
sularibus) stropbiolato vel cornoso. Embryo in axi albuminis carnosi vix longioris, quan- 
doque (prsesertim in pericarpiis elausis) deficientis. Herb® vel Frutices, utplurimum 
glabri. Folia simplicia indivisa alterna exstipulata. Flores spicati ampins terminates. 
* Annales du mus. 14. p. 386. <:t scq. 1' Pam. des Plantes. 2, p, 348. 
