Descriptions of Plants."] APPENDIX. 605 
glabrum, apice depresso. Caryopsis Crustacea, dimidio inferiore persistent! induratotubi 
perianthii inclnsa, striata apice dilatatain vaginulambrevem subcyathiformam extus pappi- 
geram intus glabram. Semen fusiforme, membrana propria tenuissima apice chalaza fusca 
insignita. AlbumennuWum. Embryo erectus subcylindraceusalbus: Cotyledones brevissimse 
semiorbiculatae: Radicula maxima dongato-turbinata teres acuta : Plumula inconspicua. 
Obs. Franklandia, though evidently belonging to Proteace®, differs 
from the whole of that family in at least three points of structure, any 
one of which may equally be assumed as the essential character of the 
genus ; namely, in the anther® being fixed through their whole length to 
the lacini® of the perianthium ; in the squam® which alternate with the 
stamina so intimately cohering at their base with the lower half of the 
calyx that they appear to originate from its upper part; and in the induplicate 
aestivation of the laminae of the hypocrateriform perianthium. In this last 
respect the genus presents an exception to what I had formerly considered 
as one of the most constant distinguishing characters of the order ; it does 
not however so materially invalidate this character as a change to any 
other kind of aestivation would have done ; the induplicate and valvular 
modes passing into each other, merely by an abstraction or addition of the 
elevated margins of the lacini®. instances of the abstraction of these 
elevated margins, in orders where they are generally present, are met with 
in Goodenovi® and Convolvulace®, and an instance of their addition as 
in Franklandia occurs, though less obviously, in Chuquiraga, a genus 
belonging to Com posit®, in which family the valvular aestivation is as 
general as in Proteace®. 
The aestivation of Franklandia may be adduced in support of that 
opinion which considers the floral envelope of Proteaceae as corolla rather 
than calyx; there being, I believe, no instance of a similar aestivation in 
a genuine calyx, unless that of Nyctagines be regarded as such: but 
a stronger argument for this envelope being really calyx is afforded also 
by Franklandia, in which the transition from the footstalk to the perian- 
thium is so gradual as to be externally imperceptible, and is not marked 
either by any change or interruption of the surface. 
The apparently similar origin in Franklandia of the stamina and squam® 
affords an argument, in addition to what I have formerly stated*, for con- 
* Linn. soc. transact. 10. p. 159. 
