LYCODOIDS. 
613 
in the stomach of Greenland Sharks" and other fishes 
that live at great depths. We may remark, as an ex- 
ception, that one of the specimens was accompanied by 
the information that it had been caught at the surface, 
where it had been found in an exhausted state. It had 
probably been driven up from the bottom by some 
accident or other. The contents of the stomach of these 
specimens consisted chiefly of crustaceans. In the gape 
of the larger of his specimens Kroye'r found a Sipun- 
culus, an Annelid that lives in the loose bottom of the 
sea. It seems probable that the larger specimens — 
for the species may attain a, length of at least 56 cm. 
— in general live on larger prey and more substantial 
food. Collett found in the stomach of his speci- 
men, a female 37 cm. long, a partly digested Cottun- 
culus microps 1 1 cm- in length and fragments of 
smaller fish, the species of which could not lie deter- 
mined. 
LYCODES V AH LII. 
Figs. 149 and 150. 
Coloration, which changes with age essentially as in the preceding species , brownish, black , with the light transverse 
bands crossed in the older specimens with black streaks and spots or finally disappearing . The covering of scales 
varying as in the preceding species , but extending, when complete , forward over the occiput (, sometimes with, scat- 
tered scales on the forehead as well), on the belly to the ventral fins, on the vertical fins out, to their margin, and 
over a third of the inner surface of the pectoral fins. One mediolateral and one ventro-lateral line ( both often 
indistinct). Depth of the body at the beginning of the anal fin about 8 1 / 2 — 13 l / 2 % of its own length. Head 
convex even in front; its length less than 39 % (as a rule 30 — 38 %) of that, of the tail from the beginning 
of the anal fin to the tip of the last fin-rays. 
Fig. 149. Lycodes Vahlii, Esmarkii, 1 / 3 of the natural size. Taken in Varanger Fjord on the 30th of May, 1882. 
The property of the Museum of Christiania University. 
R. hr. G; D. (96) 100—118; A. (82) 90—102; P. 18—23; 
V. (3) 4—5; Vert. 112 — 118 (= 23 -25 +,r). 
Syn. Lycodes Vahlii, Rhdt, D. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afh., vol. 
V, Overs, p. LXXV ; Id., ibid., vol. VII, p. 153, tab. V; 
Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mas., Fish., vol. IV, p. 319; Esm., Skand. 
Naturf. M.. Christ. 1868, Forh., p. 524; Coll., Forh. Vid. 
Selsk. Christ. 1878, No. 4, p. 11 et No. 14, p. 54; Ltkn, 
Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. Kbhvn 1879 — 80, pp. 311 et 329; 
Bu. G. et Bean,. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 2, p. 209; Br. 
Goode, Fisher., Fisher. Industr. U. 8., Sect. I, pi. 67. 
Lycodes gracilis, Sars, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1866, p. 40, 
tab. I, figg. 1 — 3; Coll., N. Nordh. Exped., Zool ., Fislce, 
p. 106. 
Lycodes Esmarkii , Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874, Til- 
hegsh., p. 95; Ltkn, 1. c., p. 316; Coll., N. Nordh. Exped., 
Zool., Fiske, p. 84, tab. II, figg. 19 — 21, tab. Ill, fig. 22; 
N. Mag. Naturv. Christ., Bd. 29, p. 73; Lillj., 8v., Norg. 
Fiskar, vol. II, p. 6; Gthr, Deep Sea Fish., Chall. Exped., 
part. LVII (Zool., vol. XXII), p. 77. 
? Lycodes pallidas, Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1878, No. 
14, p. 70: N. Nordh. Exped., Zool., Fislce, p. 110, tab. 
Ill, figg. 26, 27. 
? Lycodes lugubris , Ltkn, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. Kbhvn 
1879—80, pp. 315 et 330. 
The character that essentially distinguishes Es- 
mark’s Lycodes — as this species has been called in re- 
cent times — from L. reticulatus, lies in the greater 
elongation of the tail. With this character is connected 
the greater number of the vertebra? and also, in general, 
of the rays of the vertical fins. Here, as in the preced- 
ing species, however, the latter number is difficult to fix 
Lcemargus borealis. 
