590 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
MACRURUS RUPESTRIS (sw. skolasten”). 
Plate XXVII A, fig. 2. 
Snout blunt (of a broad pyramidal shape) and like the rest of the head without sharp (with only blunt) carince; 
its length less than the least breadth of the interorbital space , which is greater than or equal to J / 3 (38’2 — 33*2 % 
in specimens examined by us, which are between 121 and 885 mm. long) of the length of the head and greater 
than the longitudinal diameter of the orbits (133 — 144 %) or more than 2 / 3 (81 ’6 — 70‘9 %) of the postorbital length 
of the head , than V 3 (37'5 — 33‘8 %) of the distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout , than 7 / 10 
(72 — 93 %) of the breadth across the cheeks at the centre of the eyes , or than i /- 0 (89*6 — 88'4 %) of the length of 
the lower jaw , which is less them 1 / 2 (42'6 — -37 %) of the length, of the head , or about. 2 / 5 (42‘2 — 37*5 %) of the 
distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout, and less than the postorbital length of the head. 
Mouth nearly terminal ancl lateral; its breadth at the corners more than 2 / 3 (70 — 86'5 %) of the breadth across 
the cheeks at the centre of the eyes. Length of the head about 1 6 — V 5 (18 — 20 %) of that of the body, about 
equal to (105 — 95 % of) the distance of the first dorsal fin from the tip of the snout, about l / 2 (54 — 45 %) ol that 
between the second dorsal and the same point, and about 2 / 3 (73*2 — 61 '7 %) of the distance between the anal tin 
and the tip of the snout. Depth of the body (in adult specimens) at the beginning of the first dorsal fin about */« °f 
the length, at the beginning of the second dorsal fin about l j 10 or 1 / 9 of the same. Pectoral fins without brachiate 
base. Length of the base of the first dorsal fin about x / 3 (28 — 37 %) of the distance between the two dorsal 
fins, which is nearly twice the breadth across the cheeks at the centre of the eyes. 6 or 7 scales in a row 
from the end of the first dorsal fin to the lateral line. No bare spot (except the anal aperture) in the median 
line of the belly. Scales densely covered with spines throughout their free surface, but without carince. Second 
ray of the first dorsal fin spiny or (in old specimens) at least granulated on the front, surface; its length in 
young specimens greater, in old generally less, than 2 / 3 of the depth of the body at its base. Length of the 
barbel under the chin less than (or about equal to) 1 / 6 of that of the lower jaw. Jaw-teeth car di form, of uni- 
form size or with the teeth in the outer row perceptibly larger than the others. 
R. hr. 6; D r (1) + --- D. r 103—172 (190); A. 104—193; 
O 1 0 
P. 18 — 23; V. ; Lin. squ. transv. 2G — 27 (ad pinn. ventr.); 
6 — 7 
Vert. 63 — 89. 
Syn. Berglax (Coryphsena dorso dipterygio, pinna dorsi prima retro), 
Strom, Sondmors Beskriv., vol. I, p. 267 — 269, not. 
Coryphcenoides rupestris, Gunn. Trondhj. Selsk. Skr., vol. Ill 
(1765), p. 50, tab. Ill, figg. 1 et 2; Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. 
Christ. 1874, Tilhvgsh., p. 131; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 70; 
N. Mag. Naturv. Christ., Bd. 29 (1884), p. 95; Malm, Gbgs, 
Boh. Fn., p. 502; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, 
vol. XII, p. 36; Jord., Gilb., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 
16, p. 812; Goode, Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harv. 
Coll., vol. X, p. 197; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. I, 
p. 335, tab. XCIII; Storm, N. Vid. Selsk. Skr. Trondhj. 
1883, p. 57: Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. If, p. 259; 
Gthr, Deep Sea Fish., Cliall. Exped ., p. 138. 
Macrourns Stroemii, Beinh., D. Vid. Selsk. Naturv., Math. Afb., 
vol. V, p. XIX; Sundev., Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1840, p. 11; 
Kr., Voy. Scand., Lapp., cett., Gaim., Zool., I J oiss., tab. 11. 
Lepidoleprns norvegicus, Nilss., Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 51; 
Id. ( Macrourus ), Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 600; Gti-ir ( Cory - 
pheenoides ), Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. IV, p. 396; Ltkn, 
Vid. Meddel. Naturhist. For. Kbhvn 1872, p. 5 (sep.). 
Macrurus rupestris is one of the Macruroids that 
have the second dorsal fin extremely little developed 
in front, while behind the fin rises somewhat higher 
than usual, so that a little in front of the tip of the 
tail it is only slightly lower than the anal fin at the 
same point. The eyes are rather small, the longitudinal 
diameter of the orbits being less than 3 /io (— 27 — 23 %) 
of the length of the head, a sign that the deep-sea 
character is not so pronounced as in the preceding 
species. The carinse on the head are blunt, though 
they occupy the same position as in the preceding 
species and in dried specimens or those which have 
long been preserved in spirits, are distinctly prominent. 
These three characteristics are enough always to render 
this species easily recognisable among its congeners in 
our fauna. However, the interspinal bones (the sup- 
ports of the dorsal rays) are perfectly developed be- 
tween the muscles of the back even in the space be- 
tween the two dorsal fins, where no rays are present; 
and in a young specimen, 121 mm. in length, we ob- 
serve not only that the second dorsal fin begins with 
distinct rays considerably further forward than in old 
specimens and only slightly behind the first third of 
= Shoemaker’s last. 
