588 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
Coryplicena rupestris , Fabr., Fn. Groenl., p. 154 (exch synon.); 
Br„ (Macrounis ; p. p.), Naturg. Ansi. Fisch., pt. II, p. 152, 
tab. CLXXVII; Bl., Schn. ( Macrurus ), Ichthyol., p. 103, tab. 
26; Reinh., D. Vid. Selsk. Naturv., Math. Afh., vol. V (1832), 
p. XVIII; ibid., vol. VII, p. 129; Nilss , Skcind. Fn., Fisk., 
p. 604; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. IV, p. 390; Esm., 
Forh. Naturf. M. Christ. 1868, p. 527; Ltkn, Vid. Meddel. 
Naturhist. For. Kbhvn 1872, p. 4; Br. Goode, Fisher., Fisher. 
Industr. U. S ., Sect. I, p. 244, tab. 66. 
Macrourus Fabricii, Sundev., Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1840, p. 6; 
Mgen, Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1867, p. 263; Coll. Forh. 
Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874, Tilleegsh., p. 128; Goode, Bean, 
Bull. Essex Inst., vol. XI (1879), p. 7; Jord., Gilb., Bull. 
U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 811; Coll., N. Mag. Naturv., 
vol. 29 (1884), p. 95; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. 2, p. 
242; Gthr, Deep Sea Fish., Chall. Exped., p. 130. 
Macrurus Fabricii, which attains a length of at 
least nearly a metre (9 x / 3 dm.), is only slightly less 
typical of the Macruroids than the preceding species, 
though the snout is shorter and the mouth broader. 
In this species, too, the snout ends in a hard, wartlike 
protuberance, but the horizontal lateral carinae are more 
concavely curved; and the front exterior corners of the 
nasal bones are more distinctly set oft’ from the be- 
ginning of the suborbital carina on each side. Besides, 
the snout is not so depressed. The carina? on the head 
are the same as in the preceding species: one in the 
middle line of the upper side of the snout, ending in 
a line with the anterior margin of the orbits; one on 
each side from the anterior outer corner of the nasal 
bones up to the orbital margin, and together with the 
latter and the anterior suborbital bone forming a tri- 
angular wall round the nasal cavity; one on each side 
of the forehead, which is only slightly concave, and 
along the side of the occiput, back to the beginning of 
the lateral line; one on each side along the temples, 
from the upper part of the hind margin of the orbit 
to the upper corner of the gill-opening; and lastly one 
at the middle of the occiput, very short and of a length 
no greater than that of 3 or 4 scales. The eyes are 
of a considerable size and oblong, the longitudinal dia- 
meter of the orbits occupying more than x / 3 (about 
35 %) of the length of the head, and the least breadth 
of the interorbital space measuring at most 2 / 3 (60 — 49 %) 
of the former. The nostrils are set as in the preceding 
species. The intermaxillary bones form only about half 
of the margin of the upper jaw, their lobate process 
extending as far back as the bones themselves. The 
hind extremity of the maxillary bones lies nearly below 
the centre of the eye. The lower jaw is longer than 
in the preceding species — though the upper jaw pro- 
jects beyond it in front — but on this head we must 
remark that in the preceding species we find a distinct 
alteration due to age, by which the length of the lower 
jaw' is increased even relatively during growth, and 
young specimens of Macrurus Fabricii corresponding 
in size to the adult specimens of M. coelorhynchus are 
unknown. The pointed and fairly straight jaw-teeth 
are not large, but form broad cards (containing several 
rows) both in the lower jaw and on the intermaxillary 
bones. The pharyngeal teeth are thicker, strong, and 
of conical shape, with the blunt tip marked off as a 
distinct crown. The gill-rakers are verrucose. The 
operculum, as in most of the Macruroids, forms an al- 
most right-angled triangle. The right (slightly obtuse) 
angle is turned backwards, the lower posterior side 
slightly concave, and the pointed end turned down- 
wards, with the point fitted to the lower posterior 
corner of the preoperculum, which is elongated in a 
backward direction, so that the postorbital part of the 
side of the head almost forms a square. The branchio- 
stegal membranes are united below into a free but not 
very broad fold across the isthmus. 
■ The first dorsal fin, vdiich is set in a deep groove 
in the dorsal edge, is high and trapeziform, the last 
ray ■ — as in most of the Macruroids — being apparently 
destitute of membrane behind it, and the posterior rays, 
from the second branched ray, decreasing in length 
with fair uniformity, so that the hind part of the upper 
margin of the fin is straight or slightly convex. In a 
specimen 725 mm. long the second branched ray is 
77 mm. long, the second simple (the spiny ray) 73 mm., 
and the last ray 18 mm. The first-mentioned ray is 
exactly as long as the lower jaw, the length of the 
last-mentioned ray only slightly more than half the 
distance between the two dorsal fins and somewhat less 
than half the base of the first dorsal fin. In the form 
of the second dorsal fin Macrurus Fabricii belongs to 
a group of the genus that is characterized by the com- 
plete development of this fin even in front, its begin- 
ning being also situated in front of that of the anal 
fin. The first ray is about as long as the last ray of 
the first dorsal fin or slightly shorter than it; the next 
rays gradually increase in length, though only slightly; 
and the height of the fin then decreases extremely slowly 
towards the tip of the tail, where it joins the anal fin. 
The anal fin is more than twice as high as the 
second dorsal fin throughout almost the whole of its 
length, with a slightly convex margin. Its first ray is 
