570 
SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 
THE SAND-EEL (sw. hvittobisen or tobiskungen). 
AMMODYTES LANCEOLATUS. 
Plate XXIII, fig. 4 and Fig. 135. 
Upper jaw not at all (or only slightly ) protrusile: nasal processes of the intermaxillary hones short — measuring 
about 11 — 13 % of the length of the intermaxillary hones — and more or less firmly united hy ligaments to the 
ethmoid hone. Pectoral fins short, their tip extending scarcely to the perpendicular from the beginning of the dorsal 
fin, and their length being less than that of the lower jaw, less than 46 % of that of the head, and at most 33 % 
of the distance between the dorsal fin and the tip of the snout. Head of the vomer f urnished with two pointed, 
crooked teeth, diverging at the tip. Dorsal and anal fins with straight margin. A black spot generally visible 
on the middle of the sides of the snout. 
Fig. 135. Ammodytes lanceolatus, with the body in transverse section, a scale, and a head with open mouth. After Bhnecke. 
R. hr. 7; D. 53— 59«; A. 28 6 — 33; P. 12—14; V. 0; 
C. *+l + 13 + l+jc; Lin. lat. 172 — 1 8 3 c ; Vert. 66 — 67. 
Syn. Enchelyopus No. 7; Klein, 1. c., p. 56, tab. XII, fig. 10; 
Ammodytes tobianus, p. p., Swartz, Svensk Zoologi , H. 11, 
No. 64. 
Ammodytes lanceolatus, Lesatjv. 1. c.; Sundev., SIcand. Fisk., 
ed. 1, p. 209, tab. 54; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. 
IV, p. 384; Malmgr., Finl. Fisk. (disp. Plels.) p. 32; Coll., 
Forb. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874, Tillsegsh., p. 126; ibid. 1879, 
No. 1, p. 69 (corr. N. Mag. Naturv. Christ., Bd. 29 (1884), 
p. 94); Malm, Gbgs, Boli. Fn., p. 500; Winth., Naturh. 
Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 35; Bncke, Fisch., 
'Fischer., Fiscliz. 0., W. Preuss., p. 99; Mor., Hist. Nat. 
Poiss. Fr., tom. Ill, p. 217; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel.f 
vol. I, p. 329, tab. XCII, fig. 1; Mob., Hoke, Fisch. Osts., 
p. 85; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fislc., vol. II, p. 211. 
Ammodytes tobianus, Cuv., Regne Anim., ed. 2, tom. II, p. 
360; Nilss., Prodr. Iclxthyol. Scand., p. 63; Ekstr., Vet.- 
Akad. Handl. 1834, p. 67; Kr., Damn. Fislce, vol. Ill, p. 
575; Nilss., & ’hand. Fn., Fisk., p. 653. 
The Sand-Eel is the largest Scandinavian species 
of this genus, and attains a comparatively considerable 
size: Sundevall met with a specimen 32 cm. long; 
Day gives 33 cm., and Jago (in Ray) 394 mm., as 
the maximum length of the species. The ordinary length 
on our coasts, however, is only 12 — 20 cm.' 
The body is elongated, the greatest depth, across 
the belly, measuring in ordinary cases only about 6 or 
7 % of the length of the body to the end of the outer- 
most caudal rays, though in gravid females the belly 
is of course deeper. The body is also of nearly uni- 
form depth, with gradually tapering tail and conical, 
pointed head, and almost terete, the greatest breadth 
being usually at least more than 3 / i (81 — 84 %) of the 
greatest depth. The compression of the tail is confined 
to the base of the caudal fin. 
The conical head is also only slightly compressed, 
but above and on the sides somewhat flattened and 
smooth, without scales. The depth across the occiput 
is someAvhat less than the greatest depth of the body. 
° Sometimes 61, according to Gunther and Moreau. 
,, 26, ,, ,, Lilljeborg. 
e ,, 169, ,, ,, Malm. 
,, 203, „ „ Day. 
