CARPS. 
723 
Carp first. Bleeker’s objection to this course" — that 
the Cyprinus of Artedi and Linnaeus was strictly a 
synonym of the Leuciscus of modern writers — has not 
gained any adherents among ichthyologists. 
The genus, which is indigenous to Asia and Europe, 
but has been transported by human agency throughout 
the civilised world, is by no means rich in forms — 
Guntiier recognises only five species — but these spe- 
cies have been transformed by domestication into a 
multitude of varieties and often possess monstrously 
developed organs. Nilsson established 6 for the Crucian 
Carp a subgenus, Carassius (without barbels), formed 
on the principle resorted to by Cuvier of misusing for 
this purpose the Linnaean specific names. But this sub- 
division of the genus is of far too little importance 
— in spite of the fact that in some authors Carassius 
has been recognised as a distinct genus — partly in 
consideration of the intermediate position in form of 
body occupied by the Goldfish, partly on account of 
the ease with which the Crucian Carp and the Carp to- 
gether beget progeny capable themselves of reproduction. 
The forms belonging to the Scandinavian fauna may 
be distinguished by the following external differences: 
A: Four barbels, two on each side of the 
mouth. 
a: Length of the postabdominal part of 
the body about equal to the greatest 
depth of the body — greater than it 
or at least more than 4 / 5 thereof ___ Cyprinus carpio. 
Ik Length of the postabdominal part of 
the body less than or equal to 3 / 4 of 
the greatest depth of the body 
(Hybrid Carpio Kollarii). 
B: Mouth without barbels. 
a: 5 or 6 scales in an oblique trans- 
verse row between the lateral line 
and the anterior part of the base of 
the dorsal fin Cyprinus auratus. 
b: 7 or 8 scales in an oblique trans- 
verse row between the lateral line 
and the anterior part of the base of 
the dorsal fin Cyprinus carassius. 
THE CARP ( SW. KARLEN). 
CYPRINUS CARPIO. 
Plate XXXI, fig. 1. 
Two pairs of barbels , one (small) at each upper corner of the snout, one (larger) just behind each corner of the 
mouth. Pharyngeal teeth blunt (molars), more or less cylindrical, with a more or less multistriate grinding, 
surface on the top: 1, 1, 3 — 3, 1, 1. Greatest depth, of the body about 1 / i of its length: distance between the 
foremost point of the insertion of the ventral fins and the beginning of the anal fin greater than the said depth 
or at least than 4 / 5 thereof. 
a 
Fig. 178. Pharyngeal bones and pharyngeal cartilage of Cyprii 
seen from outside (the left); c, pharyngeal cartilage seen f: 
carpio ; natural size; a, left pharyngeal seen from above; b. the same 
in front and below, the lower (posterior) end pointing upward. 
R. hr. 3 (4); D. 
3 ~ 4 -. A F _ 
17—22 ' ' 5 — 6’ ' 14—17’ ‘ 6 
-8(9)’ 
■6(7) 
C. sc + 1 + 17 + 1 4- x\ Lin. lat. (34)36 — 39; Lin. tr. — — hr — 1 
(4)5 — 6(7) 
Vert. 36—37. 
Syn. Kvnqivog et KvTTQiardg, Aristot., Athen., cett. vide Ronde- 
j.et, ( Cyprinus ) Univ. Aquat. Hist., part. II, p. 150. 
carpe, Belon, Nat., Divers. Poiss., p. 267. Cyprinus, 
No. 1, Art. Syn. Pise., p. 3; No. 13, Spec. Pise., 
p. 25. 
a Ail. Ichth. Ind. Or. Ne'erl., tom. Ill, p. 
h Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 32. 
73 . 
